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Essential Standard

Essential Standard. 1.00 Understand the body’s systems of support and movement. Objective. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system. Essential Questions. What are the functions of the skeletal system? What are some disorders of the skeletal system?

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Essential Standard

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  1. Essential Standard • 1.00 • Understand the body’s systems of support and movement.

  2. Objective • 1.03 • Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system.

  3. Essential Questions • What are the functions of the skeletal system? • What are some disorders of the skeletal system? • How are skeletal disorders treated? • How does the skeletal system relate to the body’s systems of support and movement?

  4. Functions of the Skeletal System Types of movement 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  5. Types of Motion • Flexion • Extension • Abduction • Adduction • Circumduction • Rotation • Pronation • Supination

  6. Flexion and Extension • Flexion and extension describe movements that affect the angle between two parts of the body. • Flexion describes a bending movement that decreases the angle between two parts • Extension is the opposite of flexion, describing a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

  7. Flexion and Extension • Abduction and adduction refer to motions that move a structure away from or towards the centre of the body • Abduction refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body • Adduction refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part toward the midline of the body, or towards the midline of a limb

  8. Circumduction • Circumduction refers to a conical movement of a body part. • Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

  9. Rotation • Rotation of body parts is referred to as internal or external, referring to rotation towards or away from the center of the body

  10. Pronation • A rotation of the forearm that moves the palm from an anterior-facing position to a posterior-facing position, or palm facing down.

  11. Supination • The opposite of pronation, the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly, or palm facing up.

  12. Functions of the Skeletal System • Support: • Supports body structures and provides shape to the body • Protection: • Protects the soft and delicate internal organs. Cranium-brain, inner ear, eye; ribs and sternum-heart and lungs; vertebral column-spinal cord • Movement: • Movement and anchorage of muscles • Mineral Storage: • Storage depot for minerals such as calcium, vitamin D and phosphorus; when needed body draws on these reserves • Hemopiesis: • Red marrow of bone is site of blood cell formation.

  13. Disorders of the Skeletal System 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  14. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Arthritis • a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints • Painful inflammation of the joints 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  15. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Arthritis • Osteoarthritis • Degenerative joint disease • Stiff painful joints caused by loss or degeneration of cartilage • A result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age

  16. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Arthritis • Rheumatoid arthritis • an autoimmune disease that results in a chronic, systemicinflammatory disorder that principally attacks flexible (synovial) joints. • It can lead to substantial loss of functioning and mobility • The process involves an inflammatory response of the capsule around the joints

  17. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Gout • a metabolic disorder mainly affecting men in which excess uric acid is produced and deposited in the joints, causing painful swelling, especially in the toes and feet • Most common in Great Toe

  18. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Osteoporosis • progressive bonedisease that is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density which can lead to an increased risk of fracture. • Decrease in size and height due to loss of bone mass

  19. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Fracture sites related to osteoporosis 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  20. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Rickets • bone-softening disease: a disease, especially of children, caused by a deficiency in vitamin D that makes the bones become soft and prone to bending and structural change. Normal legs

  21. Review Question • Lou's grandmother use to be taller than all of her sisters.  Now she is shorter and recently fell and fractured her hip.  What disorder would cause these symptoms? • A. Gout • B. Osteoarthritis • C.  Osteoporosis • D.  Rickets 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  22. Review Question • Helen is an 80 year old woman with stiff and painful joints caused by loss of articular cartilage from normal wear and tear.  She suffers from: • A. gout. • B. osteoarthritis. • C.  osteoporosis. • D.  rheumatoid arthritis.

  23. Review Question • David has uric acid crystal deposits in his joints and has pain in his great toe.  These are symptoms of: • A. gout. • B. osteoarthritis. • C.  osteoporosis. • D.  rheumatoid arthritis.

  24. Review Question • Mrs. Jones suffers from painful inflammation of her joints. This condition is known as: • A. Arthritis • B. Ankylosis • C. Kyphosis • D. Osteitis 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  25. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Abnormal spinal curvatures Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis

  26. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Kyphosis • Extreme curvature of the thoracic spine; rounded shoulders; hunchback • Lordosis • Extreme curvature of the lumbar spine; creates swayback appearance • Scoliosis • Excessive sideways curvature of the spine; abnormal side-to-side curvature

  27. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Trauma • Dislocation • Fractures 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  28. Skeletal System Trauma • Dislocation • displacement of body part: the displacement of a body part, especially of a bone from its usual fitting in a joint 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  29. Skeletal System Trauma • Trauma • Fractures • Crack or break in a bone 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  30. Skeletal System Trauma • Closed or simple • bone broken, broken ends don’t break skin • Open or compound • broken bone pierce the skin, can lead to infection • Greenstick • in children, bone bent and splintered but never completely separates; incomplete separation of bone • Comminuted • splintered or broken into many pieces • Spiral • bone twists, resulting in one or more breaks

  31. Skeletal System Trauma • Fractures • Closed or simple • Transverse • Bone broken, broken ends don’t break skin • Bone breaks across the longitudinal axis 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  32. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  33. Skeletal System Trauma • Fractures • Open or compound • Broken bone pierce the skin, can lead to infection 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  34. Skeletal System Trauma • Fractures • Greenstick • In children, bone bent and splintered but never completely separates • Common in children who’s bones have not yet ossified 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  35. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  36. Skeletal System Trauma • Fractures • Comminuted • Splintered or broken into many pieces 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  37. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  38. Skeletal System Trauma • Fractures • Spiral • Bone twists, resulting in one or more breaks • Common in sports injuries

  39. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  40. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  41. Review Question • Rachel has unequal leg lengths and one shoulder is higher than the other.  This uneven posture is causing an abnormal side to side curvature of the spine.  Rachel''s diagnosis is: • A. kyphosis. • B. lordosis. • C.  osteoporosis. • D.  scoliosis.

  42. Review Question • Students often have poor posture while sitting at their computers.  This posture includes rounded shoulders, head forward, and hunchback.  These symptoms describe: • A. kyphosis. • B. lordosis. • C.  osteoporosis. • D.  scoliosis.

  43. Review Question • Lea was in an motor vehicle accident. She has a bleeding wound on her lower leg with the ends of the bone showing. What type of fracture does Leah have? • A. compound • B. dislocation • C. greenstick • D. simple

  44. Review Question • John, a one year old, fell on outstretched arms while running in the play area at the daycare center. X-rays show an incomplete separation of his bone. What type of fracture does John have? • A. comminuted • B. compound • C. dislocation • D. greenstick

  45. Review Question • A curvature of the lumbar vertebrae creating a swayback appearance is called: • A. Kyphosis • B. Lordosis • C. Scoliosis • D. Osteoporosis 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  46. Review Question • Lisa fell out of a tree and broke her clavicle. This bone injury is called a: • A. Dislocation • B. Fracture • C. Sprain • D. Strain 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  47. Review Question • During a routine school checkup, it is noted that Susan's spine is curved from side to side. This is called: • A. Lordosis • B. Kyphosis • C. Osteoporosis • D. Scoliosis 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  48. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system Essential Standards: • What are the functions of the skeletal system? • What are some disorders of the skeletal system? • How are skeletal disorders treated? • How does the skeletal system relate to the body’s systems of support and movement? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  49. Bellringer • What is the purpose of a house frame? • Set up a venn diagram to compare a house frame to the human skeletal system?

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