Properties of Matter

1. Properties of Matter

2. Matter is anything that has mass and volume. • Everything is made of matter.

3. What are properties? • Characteristics used to describe an object • Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness

4. A. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter • 1.Elasticity – ability of a material to be stretched.

5. 2. Flexibility– ability of a material to be bent.

6. 3. Malleability– ability of a material to be hammered into thin sheets

7. 4. Ductility– ability of a material to be turned into a thin wire.

8. 5. Hardness– ability of a material to be hardly broken.

9. 6. Brittleness– ability of a matter to be easily broken.

10. 7. Viscosity • The resistance of a liquid to flow • The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily • the greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves

11. 8. Conductivity - materials ability to allow heat to flow. Ex. metal vs. wood

12. B. General Properties of matter • Possessed by all types of matter. • Mass, Weight, Volume, Density and Impenetrability

13. 1. What is mass? • Mass is the amount of matter in an object • Mass is constant. • The metric unit for mass is grams (g) • Kg, g, lbs • Platform balance, weighing scale

14. 2. Weight • The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object • Weight changes with gravity • The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

15. Weight formula • 1 kg = 2.2 pounds • Weight is mass times acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2) • W= m x a • What is your mass? • What is your weight in Newtons?

16. What is gravity? • The force of attraction between objects is gravity • All objects exert a gravitational force on each other

17. Question • Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

18. Gravitational pull • The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

19. What affects gravity? • The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases • gravity depends on mass and distance

20. Gravity • The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

21. Question • Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

22. 3. Volume • The amount of space taken up by an object. • Regularly-shaped solid v= l x w x h • Irregularly shaped solid – using displacement method • Liquid – using a graduated cylinder/beaker

23. 4. Density • It is a measure of compactness of how much mass is tightly squeezed into a given volume. • Is the ratio of mass and volume in an object. • D= m/v • g/ml or g/cm3

24. Density • The density of water is 1.0 g/ml • Objects with densities greater than 1.0 g/ml will sink in water

25. Density • Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water

26. Ice • Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water • Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

27. Astronomy fact! • The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

28. Calculations • If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

29. Calculation • If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?

30. Calculation • If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?

31. 5. IMPENETRABILITY • No two objects can occupy the same place at the same time.

32. What is specific gravity? • A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

33. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter • Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion.

34. Question • How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?

35. GAS LAWS

36. Gas laws • Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume

37. Charles Law • Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)

38. Charles’ Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases • Heating air causes it to expand

39. Question • How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?

40. Pressure • The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area

41. Boyle’s Law • Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)

42. Boyle’s law • If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law) • The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure

43. Plasma • Plasma (phase) • most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)

44. Question • What are the four phases of matter? • Describe the plasma phase of matter.

45. Phase changes (video) • Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

46. What is a physical change? • Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties • Type of matter remains the same

47. Questions • Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).

48. Physical changes • Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

49. Melting video • Phase change from a solid to a liquid

50. Melting point • Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid • Physical property