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Evolution of Aesthetic Theories in Art History: From Antiquity to Modernity

Explore the development of aesthetic theories from Classical Antiquity to the Modern era, analyzing concepts of beauty, art as imitation or expression, and the relations between different art forms. Dive into the philosophical perspectives of prominent thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Kant, and Nietzsche.

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Evolution of Aesthetic Theories in Art History: From Antiquity to Modernity

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  1. Aesthetic Theories in Classical Antiquity Introduction

  2. An Elementary Conceptual Division • Aesthetics (beauty in general) • Philosophy of art (art and the arts) • Criticism (artworks)

  3. Main phases • Aesthetics • Beauty is an objective quality (antiquity) • Beauty is something subjective (modernity) • Philosophy of art • Art as imitation (intellectual theory) • Art as expression (emotional theory)

  4. Antiquity and Middle Ages • Plato (424-347) • Aristotle (384-322) • Plotinus (305-270) • Augustine (354-430) • Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)

  5. 17th-19th centuries • Lord Shaftesbury • Hutchinson • Hume • Kant • Hegel • Schopenhauer • Nietzsche

  6. 20th Century • Croce • Collingwood • Benjamin • Weitz • Danto • Dickie

  7. Kristeller • The Modern System of the Fine Arts dates from around 1750 • Poetry • Painting • Sculpture • Architecture • Music

  8. Antiquity • Beauty • Concept of beauty more general than now • Relation between beauty and morality • Idea of beauty not related to the arts • Art  • Art as techne • Relation between art and craft

  9. Relations between the arts • Poetry is the noblest art • Poetry and inspiration • Comparison between poetry and painting • The fine arts do not constitute a separate class even though Plato and Aristotle distinguish them from utilitarian craft:  • Idea of imitation (mimesis)   • They differ on the value of imitation

  10. The Seven Liberal Arts • Grammar • Rhetoric • Logic • Arithmetic • Geometry • Astronomy • Music   • (Architecture and Medicine)

  11. The Nine Muses 1.      Calliope – Epic 2.      Clio – History 3.      Erato – Lyric poetry 4.      Euterpe – Flute playing 5.      Melpomene – Tragedy 6.      Polymnia – Hymns 7.      Terpsichore – Dance and Choirs 8.      Thalia – Comedy 9.      Urania – Astronomy

  12. Conclusion about Antiquity • No consequent aesthetic system of the arts • Aesthetic values among moral, religious and utilitarian values • Arts among sciences and crafts • But one can observe certain criteria of beauty • Chroma kai symmetria: (bright) colour and(symmetrical) proportion

  13. Late Antiquity & Middle Ages • The seven liberal arts constitute the framework • Trivium • Quadrivium • The fine arts are scattered between systems   • Poetry and music among the liberal arts   • Visual arts among the crafts

  14. The seven mechanical arts • Weaving • Arms-making • Navigation • Agriculture • Hunting • Medicine • Theatrics

  15. Art and artist • Art = Knowledge of a craft or a science • Artist = Craftsman or student • Yet:   Thomas Aquinas discusses aesthetic values: Integritas (unity), consonantia (harmony), claritas (brightness)

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