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Augustus

Augustus . The end of his reign . Pax Romana. Augustus started this long period of relative peace. Wars were still waged outside of Rome but there was no civil war. Most provinces were secure and safe. The wars on the borders did not effect the interior.

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Augustus

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  1. Augustus The end of his reign

  2. PaxRomana • Augustus started this long period of relative peace. • Wars were still waged outside of Rome but there was no civil war. • Most provinces were secure and safe. • The wars on the borders did not effect the interior. • The army becomes fully professional.

  3. Defeat in the Teutoburg forest • Augustus decides to expand territories in Germany . • Varus, an inept general, was picked to lead three legions into Germany. • Why would Augustus appoint an inept general to carry out such an important mission? • He was related to Augustus. • Augustus wouldn’t want an expert general in the field with a large army because it would pose a threat to his own power. • This leads to the greatest military disaster of the Roman army.

  4. Disaster in the Teutoburg Forest • Three legions were dispatched to pacify a few tribes that rose up against Roman rule. • Varus angered the Germanic tribes with his harsh punishment and this united the tribes. • Overconfident, Varus marched his troops through a dense forest to make it back to their winter camp. • He ignored intelligence that one of his German officers had betrayed him and set up an ambush.

  5. Arminius

  6. The Roman Army Destoryed • Heavy rains and the dense forest slow down the Roman army. • The united German tribes attack the slow moving Roman army at its center. • They focus on hit and run tactics. • They don’t offer a pitched battle. • The Roman army desperately fights for days but nearly all the soldiers are killed. • How many men died? • 21,000 • In shame, for his part in this defeat, Varus kills himself.

  7. Heirs of Augustus • Marcellus, son of Octavia, is chosen to succeed Augustus. • Shortly after being married to Julia (Augustus’ daughter) he dies. • He then marries Julia (Augustus’ daughter) to Agrippa. • They have several children • Agrippa dies. • Drusus, his favorite step son, dies. • Julia is then married to Tiberius. • Julia and Tiberius don’t get along. • Julia breaks Augustus’ moral code and is banished to a desolate Island.

  8. Death of Augustus • He dies at the age of 76 from natural causes. • He ruled Rome from age 33 to 76. • He boasted that, “I found Rome brick; I left it marble”. • Generally considered to be the best Roman emperor.

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