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Descriptive Statistics

This guide covers the fundamental aspects of descriptive statistics, including the methods for collecting, organizing, displaying, and drawing conclusions from data. It details various types of data measurements, both numerical and categorical, and outlines key summary statistics such as mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation. The presentation of data through tables and graphs—such as line graphs, bar graphs, and histograms—is emphasized. Examples of variables including hemoglobin levels, smoking status, and pulse rates illustrate practical applications of these concepts.

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Descriptive Statistics

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  1. Descriptive Statistics Method of collecting, organizing, displaying, and drawing conclusion of data

  2. Collecting and Organizing Organizing/Processing, Calculating DATA measured (mm scale) (collect) Variables Numerical Categorical Continuous Discrete Dichotomous Polychotomous Interval Ratio scale Nominal Ordinal scale

  3. DATA SUMMARY (calculation) • Mean - • Median – middle most (50% are higher and 50% are lower) • Mode – most repeated • Measure of Variability • Range = Mx-Mn • Variance s2= • SD • Proportion

  4. DATA PRESENTATION (displaying) • Table (number, title, column and raw labels, body of data, total, source) – self explain. • Graph: • line graph – numerical variables • Scatter – numerical variables • bar graph – categorical variables • Histogram – continuous variables • pie graph – proportion of a whole with a few elements, categorical variables

  5. Descriptive Statistics

  6. Match Variables • Hemoglobin • Level of anemia: normal, mild, severe • Smoking: yes, no • Pulse rate per minute Type a. Quantitative discrete b. Qualitative dichotomous c. Qualitative polychotomous d. Quantitative continuous

  7. Match Variables • Hemoglobin • Level of anemia: normal, mild, severe • Smoking: yes, no • Pulse rate per minute Scale of measurement a. Ratio b. Interval c. Nominal d. Ordinal

  8. Table Table 2. Number of FETP students distributed by sex and nationality, Thailand, 2006 * BRN: Brunei, CAM: Cambodia, CHN: China, LPDR: Lao People Democratic Republic, THL: Thailand, VN: Vietnam Table. Number of FETP students distributed by sex and nationality, 2006 Source: Dara et al

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