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Boundless Lecture Slides

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Boundless Lecture Slides

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. Occurrence and Properties of Metals Metals Metallurgic Processes Band Theory of Electrical Conductivity Alloys ] Metals Metals Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. 3d Transition Metals Metals(continued) ] Metals Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  6. Metals > Occurrence and Properties of Metals Occurrence and Properties of Metals • Occurrence of Metals • General Properties of Metals • Periodic Trends in Metallic Properties Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/metals-20/occurrence-and-properties-of-metals-141/

  7. Metals > Metallurgic Processes Metallurgic Processes • Extractive Metallurgy • Steelmaking and Refining Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/metals-20/metallurgic-processes-142/

  8. Metals > Band Theory of Electrical Conductivity Band Theory of Electrical Conductivity • Conductors • Semiconductors Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/metals-20/band-theory-of-electrical-conductivity-143/

  9. Metals > Alloys Alloys • Alloys Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/metals-20/alloys-144/

  10. Metals > Metals Metals • The Alkali Metals • The Alkaline Earth Metals • Aluminum Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/metals-20/metals-145/

  11. Metals > 3d Transition Metals 3d Transition Metals • Titanium, Chromium, and Manganese • Iron, Cobalt, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/metals-20/3d-transition-metals-146/

  12. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  13. Metals Key terms • alkali metalAny of the soft, light, reactive metals of Group 1 of the periodic table; lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. • Alkaline earth metalsA group of chemical elements in the periodic table with similar properties: shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive at standard temperature and pressure. They readily lose their two outermost electrons to form cations with charge +2. • alloyA metal that is a combination of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. • aluminumA metallic chemical element (symbol Al) with an atomic number of 13. • amalgaman alloy containing mercury • brassA metallic alloy of copper and zinc used in many industrial and plumbing applications. • bronzeA natural or man-made alloy of copper, usually with tin, but also with one or more other metals. • caesium atomic clockA primary frequency standard in which electronic transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. • conductiveAble to conduct electrical current or heat. • conductorsomething that can transmit electricity, heat, light, or sound • copperA reddish-brown, malleable, ductile metallic element with high electrical and thermal conductivity. Its symbol is Cu and its atomic number is 29. • dopeddescribing a semiconductor that has had small amounts of elements added to create charge carriers Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  14. Metals • ductileCapable of being pulled or stretched into thin wire by mechanical force without breaking. • electric arc furnaceA furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric arc • electronegativeTending to attract electrons to form a chemical bond. • eutectic mixturea mixture of substances having a melting point lower than that of any of its components • Extractive metallurgyThe practice of removing valuable metals from an ore and refining the extracted raw metals into a purer form. • familyAlso known as a group, a column of elements in the periodic table that share similar reactivity due to their similar valence shell electron configuration • LeachingA widely used extractive metallurgy technique which converts metals into soluble salts in aqueous media. • lyeA strong caustic alkaline solution of potassium or sodium salts, obtained by leaching wood ashes. It is much used in making soap as well as in biodiesel. • metalAny of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms; generally shiny, somewhat malleable and hard, often a conductor of heat and electricity • metalAny of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms; generally shiny, somewhat malleable and hard, often a conductor of heat and electricity. • microstructurethe fine structure of a pure metal or alloy, as revealed by magnifications of 25x or greater • miningThe activity of removing solid valuables from the earth. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  15. Metals • molecular orbitalThe quantum mechanical behavior of an electron in a molecule describing the probability of the electron's particular position and energy; approximated by a linear combination of atomic orbitals. • native metalAny metal that is found in its metallic form, either pure or as an alloy, in nature. • oreA type of rock that contains minerals with important elements including metals. • passivationRefers to a material becoming "passive," that is, being less affected by environmental factors such as air or water. • racemic mixturea mixture that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule • RefiningRefining (as in non-metallurgical uses) consists of purifying an impure material, in this case a metal. • semiconductora substance with electrical properties between those of a good conductor and those of a good insulator • stainless steelAn alloy of iron and chromium that resists corrosion. • steelmakingThe second step in producing steel from iron ore • titaniumA strong, corrosion-resistant transition metal with the atomic number 22. • voltageThe amount of electrostatic potential between two points in space. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  16. Metals P-type Semiconductor After the material has been doped with boron, an electron is missing from the structure, leaving a hole. This allows for easier electron flow. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."File:P-doped Si.svg - Wikibooks, open books for an open world."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=File:P-doped_Si.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com

  17. Metals Alkali Metals Lithium is stored in oil because of its high reactivity. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Lithium paraffin."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lithium_paraffin.jpgView on Boundless.com

  18. Metals Emerald Emerald is a variety of beryl, a mineral that contains the alkaline earth metal beryllium. Beryllium only occurs naturally in combination with other elements in minerals. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."B%25252525C3%25252525A9ryl%2525252520var.%2525252520%25252525C3%25252525A9meraude%2525252520sur%2525252520gangue%2525252520(Muzo%2525252520Mine%2525252520Boyaca%2525252520-%2525252520Colombie)%252525252015."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:B%25252525C3%25252525A9ryl_var._%25252525C3%25252525A9meraude_sur_gangue_(Muzo_Mine_Boyaca_-_Colombie)_15.jpgView on Boundless.com

  19. Metals Native metal Native gold partially embedded in quartz gangue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Native metal."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_metalView on Boundless.com

  20. Metals Cobalt Like nickel, cobalt in the Earth's crust is found only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia%20commons."Cobalt%20(27%20Co)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cobalt_(27_Co).jpgView on Boundless.com

  21. Metals Crocoite Crocoite is a mineral formed from lead chromate (PbCrO4), a chromium compound. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia%20Commons."Crocoite-360746."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crocoite-360746.jpgView on Boundless.com

  22. Metals Chromium Chromium, like titanium and vanadium before it, is extremely resistant to corrosion, and is indeed one of the main components of stainless steel. Chromium also has many colorful compounds and is very commonly used in pigments, such as chrome green. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Chromium."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChromiumView on Boundless.com

  23. Metals Manganese Manganese, like chromium before it, is an important component in stainless steel, preventing the iron from rusting. Manganese is often used in pigments, again like chromium. Manganese is also poisonous; if enough is inhaled, it can cause irreversible neurological damage. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Manganese."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ManganeseView on Boundless.com

  24. Metals Sea of Electrons The "sea of electrons" is free to flow about the crystal of positive metal ions. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."General Chemistry/Metallic bonds."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Metallic_bondsView on Boundless.com

  25. Metals Sodium Metal Sodium metal is soft enough to be cut with a plastic knife. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."General Chemistry/Chemistries of Various Elements/Group 1."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Chemistries_of_Various_Elements/Group_1View on Boundless.com

  26. Metals A zinc coin Zinc is an essential trace element for living things. It has some germicidal properties and it is toxic in large quantities. Zinc pennies should never be swallowed. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."General%2520Chemistry/Chemistries%2520of%2520Various%2520Elements/Transition%2520Metals."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Chemistries_of_Various_Elements/Transition_Metals%23FamiliesView on Boundless.com

  27. Metals A titanium bar Titanium is one of the least dense, strong, and corrosion-resistant elements. It has many applications, especially in alloys with other elements such as iron. Titanium is commonly used in airplanes, golf clubs, and other objects that must be strong but lightweight. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Period%25204%2520element."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_4_elementView on Boundless.com

  28. Metals Steel Steel is an alloy whose major component is iron. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Alloy."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlloyView on Boundless.com

  29. Metals Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators On the left, a conductor (described as a metal here) has its empty bands and filled bands overlapping, allowing excited electrons to flow through the empty band with little push (voltage). Semiconductors and insulators have a greater and greater energetic difference between the valence band and the conduction bands, requiring a larger applied voltage in order for electrons to flow. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."File:Isolator-metal.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Isolator-metal.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com

  30. Metals Use of aluminum in transportation Aluminum-bodied Austin "A40 Sports" (c. 1951). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Austin%20A40%20Roadster%20ca%201951."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austin_A40_Roadster_ca_1951.jpgView on Boundless.com

  31. Metals N-type Semiconductor After the material has been doped with phosphorus, an extra electron is present. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."File:N-doped Si.svg - Wikibooks, open books for an open world."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=File:N-doped_Si.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com

  32. Metals Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Semiconductors/What is a Semiconductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Semiconductors/What_is_a_Semiconductor%23Extrinsic_SemiconductorsView on Boundless.com

  33. Metals Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Semiconductors/What is a Semiconductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Semiconductors/What_is_a_Semiconductor%23Extrinsic_SemiconductorsView on Boundless.com

  34. Metals Gold Ore High-grade gold ore from a quartz vein near Alma, Colorado. The appearance is typical of very good gold-quartz ore. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gold-Quartz-273364."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gold-Quartz-273364.jpgView on Boundless.com

  35. Metals Electric Arc Furnace An electric arc furnace (the large cylinder) is tapped. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Fotothek df n-08 0000383."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fotothek_df_n-08_0000383.jpgView on Boundless.com

  36. Metals Eiffel Tower The Eiffel tower is constructed from puddled iron, a form of wrought iron. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Eiffel tower from below."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eiffel_tower_from_below.jpgView on Boundless.com

  37. Metals Copper Pipes Copper is heavily used due in many areas, including copper piping. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."General%2520Chemistry/Chemistries%2520of%2520Various%2520Elements/Transition%2520Metals."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Chemistries_of_Various_Elements/Transition_Metals%23FamiliesView on Boundless.com

  38. Metals An Illustration of the Electronic Band Structure of a Semiconductor This is a comprehensive illustration of the molecular orbitals in a bulk material. As the energy in the system increases, electrons leave the valence band and enter the conduction band. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Semiconductors/What is a Semiconductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Semiconductors/What_is_a_Semiconductor%23Extrinsic_SemiconductorsView on Boundless.com

  39. Metals Mining Chuquicamata, Chile, is the site of the largest circumference and second deepest open pit copper mine in the world. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Mining."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiningView on Boundless.com

  40. Metals Trends in the periodic table Families of the periodic table are often grouped by metallic properties. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Periodic_trends.svg."CC0 1.0 Universalhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_trends.svgView on Boundless.com

  41. Metals Attribution • Wikipedia."Refining."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining • Wikipedia."electric arc furnace."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electric%20arc%20furnace • Wikipedia."Steelmaking."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelmaking • Wikipedia."Electric arc furnace."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_arc_furnace • Wikipedia."Electric arc furnace."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_arc_furnace • Wikipedia."steelmaking."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/steelmaking • Wikipedia."Refining (metallurgy)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining_(metallurgy) • Wikipedia."Extractive metallurgy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive%20metallurgy • Wikipedia."Leaching."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaching • Wikipedia."Metallurgy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy%23Extraction • Wikipedia."Extractive metallurgy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy • Wikipedia."ore."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ore • Wikipedia."Ore."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore%23Extraction • Wikibooks."High School Earth Science/Mining and Using Minerals."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Mining_and_Using_Minerals • Wiktionary."molecular orbital."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/molecular_orbital • Wikipedia."Electrical conductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor • Wiktionary."metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metal Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  42. Metals • Wikipedia."Electronic band structure."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structure • Wiktionary."voltage."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/voltage • Wikipedia."Aluminum."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminum • Wiktionary."passivation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/passivation • Wiktionary."aluminum."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aluminum • Wikipedia."conductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conductor • Wikipedia."Doping (semiconductor)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_(semiconductor) • Wikipedia."N-type semiconductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-type_semiconductor • Wikipedia."N-type semiconductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-type_semiconductor • Wikipedia."P-type semiconductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-type_semiconductor • Wiktionary."doped."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doped • Wikipedia."Semiconductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor • Wikibooks."Semiconductors/What is a Semiconductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Semiconductors/What_is_a_Semiconductor • Wiktionary."semiconductor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/semiconductor • Wikipedia."Periodic trends."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_trends%23Metallic_properties • Wiktionary."electronegative."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electronegative • Wiktionary."family."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/family • Steve Lower's Website."Periodic properties of the elements."CC BY-SAhttp://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/atoms/atpt-6.html • Steve Lower's Website."Periodic properties of the elements."CC BY-SAhttp://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/atoms/atpt-6.html Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  43. Metals • Steve Lower's Website."Bonding in metals and semiconductors."CC BY-SAhttp://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chembond/cb10.html#SEC3 • Wikipedia."Native metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_metal • Wiktionary."mining."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mining • Wikipedia."Metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%23Alloys • Wiktionary."alloy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alloy • Wikipedia."native metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/native%20metal • Wikipedia."Metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%23Extraction • Wikipedia."Alkali metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal%23Periodic_trends • Wikipedia."Alkali metals."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metals • Wiktionary."alkali metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alkali_metal • Wiktionary."lye."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lye • Wikibooks."General Chemistry/Chemistries of Various Elements/Group 1."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Chemistries_of_Various_Elements/Group_1%23Alkali_Metals • Wikipedia."caesium atomic clock."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/caesium%20atomic%20clock • Wikipedia."Beryllium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium • Wikipedia."Alkaline earth metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal • Wikipedia."Alkaline earth metals."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline%20earth%20metals • Wikipedia."Metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%23Structure_and_bonding • Wikipedia."Metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%23Properties • Wikipedia."Metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  44. Metals • Wiktionary."conductive."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conductive • Wiktionary."ductile."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ductile • Wiktionary."metal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metal • Wikibooks."General Chemistry/Metallic bonds."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Metallic_bonds • Wikipedia."Alloy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy • Wikipedia."racemic mixture."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/racemic%20mixture • Wiktionary."microstructure."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/microstructure • Wiktionary."eutectic mixture."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eutectic_mixture • Wiktionary."amalgam."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amalgam • Wiktionary."copper."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/copper • Wiktionary."brass."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brass • Wikibooks."General Chemistry/Chemistries of Various Elements/Transition Metals."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Chemistries_of_Various_Elements/Transition_Metals%23Families • Wiktionary."bronze."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bronze • Wikipedia."Chromium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium • Wikipedia."Manganese."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese • Wikipedia."Titanium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium • Wikipedia."Period 4 element."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_4_element • Wiktionary."stainless steel."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stainless_steel • Wiktionary."titanium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/titanium Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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