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The Seismic Spectrum

Discover the properties and performance of various seismic sensors models and analyze data from GSN stations. Learn about the differentiation between different types of seismic signals, from teleseismic to local, and understand normal modes and their characteristics. Gain insights into noise analysis and the unique features of each instrument.

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The Seismic Spectrum

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  1. The Seismic Spectrum • Jonathan Berger • Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics • Scripps Institution of Oceanography • University of California San Diego

  2. Earthscope - Permanent Array

  3. Model STS-1 KS36000I KS5400 Type Force Feedback Force Feedback Force Feedback Geometry 1-component 3-component (ortho) 3-component (ortho) Orientation accuracy ±2˚ (with care) ±3˚ ±3˚ Output velocity velocity velocity Sensitivity ±1200 v/ms-1 ±1200 v/ms-1 ±1200 v/ms-1 Bandwidth 360 sec - 5 Hz 360 sec - 4.2 Hz 330 sec - 4.2 Hz Full Scale (V) ±20 V differential ±20 V differential ±20 V differential Full Scale (Vel) ±8e-3 ms-1 ±1.2e-2 ms-1 ±1.2e-2 ms-1 Full Scale (Acc) ±2.5e-3 ms-2 ±1.9e-2 ms-2 ±1.9e-2ms-2 GSN “Long-Period” Sensors

  4. Model STS-2 CMG-3T GS-13 Type Force Feedback Force Feedback Moving Coil Geometry Triaxial 3-component (ortho) 3-component (ortho) Orientation accuracy ±0.3˚ at 6 sec ±3˚ ±2˚ (with care) Output velocity velocity velocity Sensitivity ±750 v/ms-1 ±1200 v/ms-1 ±1090 v/ms-1 Bandwidth 120 sec - 50 Hz 100 sec - 50 Hz 10 Hz (Brick Amp) Full Scale (V) ±20 V differential ±20 V differential ±20 V differential Full Scale (Vel) ±1.3e-2 ms-1 ±9.2e-2 ms-1 Full Scale (Acc) ±2e-2 ms-2 GSN “Short-Period” Sensors

  5. Model FBA-23 Episensor Type FBA FBA Geometry Triaxial Triaxial Orientation accuracy ±3˚ (with care) ±3˚ (with care) Output Acceleration Acceleration Sensitivity ±0.25 v/ms-2 ±2 v/ms-2 Bandwidth 50 Hz 50 Hz Full Scale (V) ±2.5 V differential ±20 V differential Full Scale (Vel) Full Scale (Acc) ±10 ms-2 ±10 ms-2 GSN “Strong-Motion” Sensors

  6. STS1 with bell jar KS54000 ready to go down WRAB Borehole

  7. CMG-3T STS-2

  8. Paroscientific Micro-barometer FBA23 EpiSensor

  9. The GSN Station RAYN Solar powered, Borehole Seismometer

  10. The GSN Station AAK The tunnel entrance The GSN Station AAK One of the vaults

  11. DGAR - Vault under construction

  12. DGAR - The finished product

  13. DGAR - Inside the Vault

  14. GSN Noise Analysis • 118 GSN Stations of the IU and II networks for the year July 2001 through June 2002. • Each station-channel data segmented into hourly, 1 to 11 hour segments. • noise estimated in 50% overlapping 1/7 decade (∂f/f=0.33, ~1/2 octave) bands.

  15. Normal Modes • Sources: ~ 20˚ • Period: 0.5 to 10 x 10-3 Hz • Amplitudes: to ~10-5 ms-2

  16. Teleseismic Signals • Sources: >~ 3000 km • Period: 3600 sec to several sec • Amplitudes: to ~10-3 ms-2

  17. Regional Signals • Sources: >~ 100 km • Bandwidth: ~30 sec to 10 Hz • Amplitudes: to ~10 -1 Ms-2

  18. Local Signals • Sources: <~10 km • Bandwidth: several seconds to ~30 Hz • Amplitudes: to ~10 ms-2

  19. Normal Modes

  20. 180 dB

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