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The Photon Revolution

Explore the rapid advancements in optical technology and the market trends in optical components. Learn about photonics, competing technologies, emerging companies, and the integration of optical systems.

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The Photon Revolution

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  1. The Photon Revolution Presented by:Elizabeth J. BruceResearch AnalystJanuary 1, 2020

  2. Optical Components “Optical technology is now the most rapidly improving technology in industrial history” – James Crowe, Founder and CEO of Level 3 Communications

  3. Why Fiber and Photons? What if you wanted to download The Matrix on DVD…. How long would it take? Dial - up Modem 56 Kb /s 15 hours Cable Modem or DSL 1 Mb/sec 1 hour Standard Ethernet 10 Mb/sec 6 mins Multiplexed Fiber 100 Mb/sec 35 secs

  4. Market is Paying Attention! - Nov 15, 2000

  5. Agenda • Component Technologies • Technology Trends • The Market: Big Picture • Dynamics & Trends

  6. Optical Components. The Big Picture • All about Photons • Parallels to Semiconductor Industry • Technology • competing technologies • innovation in materials & integration • Market • emerging companies • consolidation: mergers & acquisitions

  7. Optical Networking: Big Picture Global Crossing, Level 3, Qwest Service Providers Nortel, Alcatel, Ciena Systems Components JDSU, Corning, Lucent Electronics Optical Materials

  8. Component Applications Transmitter Receiver Transmission 1 1 2 2 3 3 Optical Amplifiers 4 4 Optical Multiplexor Optical Demultiplexor Lasers & Modulators Detectors

  9. Optical Spectrum Use by Application SONET DWDM • Telecommunications wavelengths fall into different bands • 800nm • 1300nm • 1550nm Visible Light Short Reach 400 700 1000 800 1300 1500 Wavelength (nm)

  10. Component Materials & Applications There are a multiple number of component materials and a multiple number of applications. InP Switches SiON Modulators Waveguides Photonic Crystals Materials Applications Polymers Mux/Demux LiNbO3 Thin Film Filters Attenuators Silica-on-Silicon

  11. Optical Component Classes PASSIVES ACTIVES Multiplexers Lasers Attenuators Detectors Switches Modulators

  12. Optical-Networking Components • Transmit & Receive Devices • Optical Amplification Products • Optical Switching & Cross-Connect Modules • WDM Modules • Fiber Optic Products

  13. Component Applications Transmitter Receiver Transmission 1 1 2 2 3 3 Optical Amplifiers 4 4 Optical Multiplexor Optical Demultiplexor Lasers & Modulators Detectors

  14. Transmit Devices • EDGE-EMITTING • Distributed Feedback Lasers (DFB) • Fabry-Perot Lasers (FP) • Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELS) • TUNABLE LASERS

  15. VCSELS? • Major application for VCSELS to date: short reach • Recent developments at longer wavelengths • Advantages: • On-chip testing before wafer cut into individual devices • Output beam is nice and big and round • Relatively high yield devices • Disadvantages: • Low power

  16. Tunable Lasers • Edge-emitting lasers, VCSELS (MEMs and Electro-optic), NCSELs, External-cavity lasers using MEMs technology • Application: • Inventory reduction • DWDM networks • Dynamic wavelength provisioning • Companies: Lucent, Bandwidth9, Agility Communications, Altitun, CoreTek, …. vs.

  17. Component Applications Transmitter Receiver Transmission 1 1 2 2 3 3 Optical Amplifiers 4 4 Optical Multiplexor Optical Demultiplexor Lasers & Modulators Detectors

  18. DWDM modules • Different Technologies: • Arrayed Waveguide Gratings • Thin Film Filters • Fiber Bragg Gratings • Companies: JDSU, Oplink Communications, Avanex, Kymata, Bookham Technologies, Nanovation Technologies, Lightwave Microsystems….

  19. Optical Switching Applications • External Modulation • Protection Switching/Restoration • Dynamic Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADMs) • Dynamic Provisioning • All-Optical Cross-connect (OXC)

  20. Optical Switching Technologies • MEMs – MicroElectroMechanical • Liquid Crystal • Opto-Mechanical • Bubble Technology • Thermo-optic (Silica, Polymer) • Electro-optic (LiNb03, SOA, InP) • Acousto-optic • Others…

  21. Component Applications Transmitter Receiver Transmission 1 1 2 2 3 3 Optical Amplifiers 4 4 Optical Multiplexor Optical Demultiplexor Lasers & Modulators Detectors

  22. Amplifier Standard Fiber Pump Lasers Optical Amplification Why? – Extend distance light signal can travel without regeneration • Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) – application in long haul. Today’s amplifier of choice. • Raman Amplifiers – application in DWDM • Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifiers (EDWAs) – application in metro and access networks

  23. Optical Interleaver Mechanical Switch Laser Detector DWDM Module Wavelength Locker Add/Drop Mux Integration - Today

  24. Integration - Today

  25. Integration - Future Photonic Chip

  26. Industry Trends • Integration. Demand shifting from component level to integrated modules. • Scalability. “Pay-as-you-grow” philosophy. • Innovation. Product life cycles getting shorter. Suppliers must have strong R&D. • Customization. Working with customers to provide next-generation optical systems.

  27. Integration • Parallels to the semiconductor industry ~25 years ago • discrete components • assembly • “Evolving Integration” INTEGRATED MICROPHOTONICS

  28. Integration Integrated Active/Passive Systems Integrated Passive Building Blocks Degree of Integration Passive Building Blocks Time

  29. Scalability • Industry referred to as a “cottage industry” • Optical components are sophisticated devices: • Requires people with experience • Fiber-handling to wafer processing to thin film production • Packaging is a significant portion of the cost (up to 90%). • Difficult to implement Automation and scale Manufacturing • No standard automation equipment – often times proprietary methods

  30. Customization • Everything is custom – catalogs just show what we are capable of… • Custom Integration: Optical ASICs. • Standard packaging and custom optics.

  31. Market Size • According to OIDA, • Total Market 1999: (Communications, Storage, Display, Image Acquisition) : $58.9B • Communications: $28.9B -Lightwave, Dec 1999

  32. Market Dynamics • 100’s of Suppliers. • Enormous growth: suppliers are rapidly expanding their manufacturing facilities and investing in production equipment. • Consolidation and acquisition of suppliers is changing the component landscape on very short time scales.  • Confusing Space: Company A may buy from, compete with and form a partnership with Company B.

  33. Component Demand Industry-wide component shortage. Number of Nodes Number of Channels Demand for Components Long-Haul Metro Access Enterprise FTTH 80 120 230

  34. Key Findings • Difficult for new systems suppliers to guarantee a supply of components. • Maintain close integration between developments in component technologies and next-generation networking equipment • When and what to outsource?? • Various levels of outsourcing at equipment level: • Cisco. Partner with Corning. • Ciena. Some key component development in-house. • Nortel/Alcatel. Major component divisions • Lucent. Spin-off components division.

  35. Key Findings • Sources, modulators, and receivers at 40Gb/sec • Tunable Lasers • Dealing with 40 Gb/sec systems: Dispersion

  36. Key Findings • Amplifier products: Raman, EDWAs • Higher channel count WDM modules • New modulation schemes: optical CDMA, FDM, NRZ to RZ

  37. Key Trends • Manage Bandwidth: Optically instead of Electronically. • Emerging metro/access market. • Cost • Size • Supply

  38. Suppliers

  39. Conclusions • It’s all about PHOTONS • The optical components industry is growing fast – but still at an early stage • Impact is significant - from long haul transport to metro to enterprise to computer interconnects

  40. Thank You! ABERDEEN GROUP Boston, MA www.aberdeen.com McCormick@aberdeen.com Bruce@aberdeen.com

  41. SUPPLEMENTAL SLIDES

  42. Market Demand • Demand: Increased bandwidth requirements • Fiber to the Home/Curb • Streaming media, video-on-demand • Holographic telephony • Wireless services • Video-equipped phones • Distribution of: media, software, CDs, DVDs, the broadcast entertainment world • Unforeseen applications (things like Napster…)

  43. Market Segments • Ultra-Long Haul. Cross-country and long distance connections between cities. • Long-Haul. Provide point-to-point traffic between major cities. Used by large service providers. • Metro (MAN). Connections within urban areas. Provide service to a variety of customers in a metropolitan region. • Access Systems. Provide service to an end-user. Connections to Businesses and Homes. • Enterprise/Local Area Network (LAN) and Storage Area Networks (SAN). Gb and 10Gb Ethernet, Fibre Channel, etc..

  44. Photon Transport Today

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