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Amphibians

Amphibians. “Two Lives”. Chapter 16 p. 311 - 323. “ Amphibia ” means having two lives: they can live on land but are never completely free of water.

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Amphibians

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  1. Amphibians “Two Lives” Chapter 16 p. 311 - 323

  2. “Amphibia” means having two lives: they can live on land but are never completely free of water. Fossil and genetic evidence reveal that they evolved from the fishes – development of lungs and leg-like fins were probably an adaptation for survival. Selective advantages to the first amphibians: 1. avoid aquatic predators 2. exploit more diverse habitats 3. exploit an untapped food source (insects, worms …..)

  3. Major difficulties adapting to land: 1. gravity & body support (no water to buoy them up) 2. desiccation (drying out) – modify gas exchange organ & stay in moist habitat 3. rapid & large temperature shifts in air (water has a much higher heat capacity)

  4. Characteristics of Amphibians: A. skin is smooth, thin and usually moist B. feet, if present, usually webbed C. toes soft & lack claws D. immature forms “tadpoles” vegetarian; adults carnivorous E. heart 2-chambered in immature forms 3-chambered as adults F. respiration by gills, lungs, and skin G. eggs laid in water; fertilized externally as soon as laid H. metamorphosis from aquatic larval stage to adult stage

  5. Integument (Frogs and Toads) • Integument thin and moist • Chromatophores • Glands • Mucous (protective, watery) • Serous (poison; larger glands)

  6. Orders of Amphibians: Apoda– legless, tropical (caecilians) Caudata– tailed amphibians (salamanders & newts) Anura– tailless (as adults) (frogs & toads)

  7. Life Cycle See p. 323!! Amplexus of Common Toads

  8. Lobed-finned fish

  9. Caecilians

  10. Axolotl – “Permanent Larva”

  11. Salamanders with egg mass

  12. Tympanic Membrane - Used as an eardrum

  13. Nictitating Membrane - Covers eyes to keep them moist and protect them

  14. Vocal sac

  15. Panamanian Golden Frog (sexual dimorpism)

  16. Cane Toad

  17. Pac man Frogs

  18. Goliath Frog

  19. Poison Arrow Frogs (Amazon)

  20. Illinois Amphibians Tiger Salamander Small mouth Salamander

  21. American Toad Spring Peeper

  22. Gray Tree Frog

  23. Leopard Frog

  24. Bullfrog

  25. Practice Quiz:

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