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Cellular Processes

Cellular Processes. Standard 7-2.4. Explain how cellular processes (respiration, photosynthesis, waste elimation, mitosis, and reporduction) are essential to the survival of an organism. Diffusion.  One way materials move across the cellular membrane

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Cellular Processes

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  1. Cellular Processes Standard 7-2.4 Explain how cellular processes (respiration, photosynthesis, waste elimation, mitosis, and reporduction) are essential to the survival of an organism.

  2. Diffusion  One way materials move across the cellular membrane  Materials move from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration

  3. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?

  4. •Molecules like their own space. space. •If there are too many in one space then molecules will move to a place with less stuff (less molecules). DOES NOT NEED ENERGY TO MOVE! HIGH CONCENTRATION

  5. Molecules move in and out of the cell through the cell membrane cell membrane

  6. Osmosis  diffusion of water across the cellular membrane

  7. What are the consequences to What are the consequences to a cell if too much water goes…? a cell if too much water goes…?  INTO THE CELL  OUT OF THE CELL SHRINKS BLOATS

  8. ACTIVE TRANSPORT ACTIVE TRANSPORT NEEDS ENERGY to “ “move” ” substances across the membrane •USUALLY MOVES SUBSTANCES FROM A LOW CONCENTRATION TO A HIGH CONCENTRATION

  9. Active transport requires cell energy. Diffusion does not.

  10. Active transport: Active transport: Endocytosis: :  Cell membrane surrounds a substance and engulfs it Exocytosis:  Vesicle with waste fuses with a cell membrane and then releases waste outside of cell(reversal of endocytosis)

  11. PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Plants use light energy (sunlight) to combine carbon dioxide and water to make simple sugars (glucose)  Once the sugars are formed, they are either used by the plant or stored in the vacuoles.  Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.  Plant cells also release oxygen gas.

  12. RESPIRATION  Cells break down simple sugars into carbon dioxide and water and release energy.  cell uses the energy to build, repair, and reproduce cells.  Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

  13. WASTE ELIMINATION  Organisms rid the cells of waste products that could be harmful to the cell.  As waste particles accumulate in a cell, the waste will move out of the cell and be eliminated.

  14. MITOSIS  cell reproduction; process of cell division,  occurs in the nucleus of the cell  enables a cell to make an exact copy of it  needed for growth, replacement, and asexual reproduction Results:  production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell.  daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell

  15. Meiosis  Process needed for sexual reproduction  Results in sex cells (gametes)  Four daughter cells  Half the number of chromosomes as parent cell  Each vary in genetic material (not identical to parent)

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