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CARTOGRAPHIES OF SEGREGATION From Snapshots to Processes and Trajectories

CARTOGRAPHIES OF SEGREGATION From Snapshots to Processes and Trajectories. Flávia F. Feitosa (UFABC) Antônio Miguel V. Monteiro (INPE). XIV Brazilian Symposium on Geoinformatics (GEOINFO 2013), November 24 th – 27 th , 2013.

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CARTOGRAPHIES OF SEGREGATION From Snapshots to Processes and Trajectories

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  1. CARTOGRAPHIES OF SEGREGATIONFrom Snapshots to Processes and Trajectories Flávia F. Feitosa (UFABC) Antônio Miguel V. Monteiro (INPE) XIV Brazilian Symposium on Geoinformatics (GEOINFO 2013), November 24th – 27th , 2013.

  2. Almost 10 years ago… A Question:How to measure residential segregation? Photo: Tuca Vieira

  3. Many challenges… • Spatial Measures: able to go beyond the limits of areal units • Capture Different Scales of Segregation

  4. Evenness/Clustering: Balance of the population groups distribution Exposure/Isolation: Chance of having members from different groups living side-by-side Many challenges… • Spatial Measures: able to go beyond the limits of areal units • Capture Different Scales of Segregation • Global and Local Measures • Interpretation of Measures / Validation: random permutation tests • Different Dimensions of Segregation Reardon and O’Sullivan (2004)

  5. EVENESS/CLUSTERING: DISSIMILARITY INDEX SLIDE: Fred Ramos

  6. ALPHAVILLE

  7. EXPOSURE/ISOLATION: ISOLATION INDEX (POVERTY) SLIDE: Fred Ramos

  8. JARDIM PARANÁ

  9. New challenges: From snapshots to processes… The process matters!!! Bottom-up Simulations Agent-Based Modeling

  10. MASUS Multi-Agent Simulator for Urban Segregation

  11. MASUS Multi-Agent Simulator for Urban Segregation

  12. 0.19 0.19 We keep monitoring processes through snapshots… ISOLATION AFFLUENT HOUSEHOLDS Real Data (2000) Initial State (1991) Simulated Data (1991-2000) 0.15

  13. Why not Trajectories? How could we represent time-space trajectories of segregation? • We need common areal units: cellular spaces • Even with cellular spaces, is it possible to compare local segregation indices computed for different years? • Is it possible to establish typologies of segregation trajectories? Types of Trajectories: • Cell-based / Pattern-based • System-based???

  14. CARTOGRAPHIES OF SEGREGATIONFrom Snapshots to Processes and Trajectories Flávia F. Feitosa (UFABC) Antônio Miguel V. Monteiro (INPE) XIV Brazilian Symposium on Geoinformatics (GEOINFO 2013), November 24th – 27th , 2013.

  15. Construção de Índices Espaciais • Índice de Dissimilaridade Generalizado – • Mede a diferença entre a composição populacional local e a composição populacional da cidade como um todo • Varia entre 0 e 1 (máxima segregação) • Dimensão Dispersão/Agrupamento

  16. Construção de Índices Espaciais • Índice de Segregação Residencial – • . • Cidade segregada: alta • Proporção da que é explicada pela • Dimensão Dispersão/Agrupamento

  17. Construção de Índices Espaciais • Índice de Exposição do grupo m ao n - • Proporção média do grupo n nos locais onde habitam indivíduos do grupo m • Depende da composição populacional da cidade • Dimensão Exposição/Isolamento

  18. Construção de Índices Espaciais • Índice de Isolamento do grupo m - • Caso particular do índice de exposição • Proporção média do grupo m nos locais onde habitam indivíduos do grupo m • Dimensão Exposição/Isolamento

  19. Densidade Populacional Dados Agregados Dados Discretos X Contínuos • Vantagens dos índices baseados em densidade populacional • Evita ênfase visual a áreas pouco ocupadas (grandes polígonos)

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