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World War I 9 th Grade Social Studies Spring 2014 Unit 10. The Big Picture. A variety of powerful forces – including growing nationalism, a tangle of alliances, and decades of rivalry and competition – created conditions that transformed a single assassination into a world wide war.
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The Big Picture • A variety of powerful forces – including growing nationalism, a tangle of alliances, and decades of rivalry and competition – created conditions that transformed a single assassination into a world wide war. • New inventions changed the science and technology of modern warfare, which became more deadly and destructive than ever before. • Entire countries were mobilized for war, and the global conflicts left millions of soldiers and civilians dead and societies in ruins. • After four years of fighting, an uneasy peace was reached.
Why we study this unit? • Much of the technology of modern warfare was introduced in WW I. • World War I helped to ignite the Russian Revolution of 1917. • The victors dictated a harsh peace settlement that set the stage for WW II.
Essential Questions • What were the forces that pushed Europe to the brink of war in 1914? • How did ethnic tensions in the Balkans spark a political assassination? • How was the WW I battlefield different than those of earlier wars?
Essential Questions • How did WW I become a total war? • How did the Allies win WW I? • What issues made the peace process difficult?
Unit Overview • Last Unit: Imperialism • Current Unit: WW I • Next Unit: Russian Revolution
Odd DayAcademic • 4/4: The Great War Begins Qs • 4/8: Intro to War • 4/8: Europe Map Activity • 4/10: Causes of WW I • 4/10: The Spark • 4/10: Historian’s View
Odd Day Honors • 4/4: The Great War Begins Qs • 4/8: Intro to War • 4/8: Europe Map Activity • 4/10: Causes of WW I • 4/10: The Spark • 4/10: Historian’s View
Even Day Academic • 4/7: The Great War Begins Qs • 4/9: Intro to War • 4/9: Europe Map Activity • 4/11: Causes of WW I • 4/11: The Spark
Even Day Honors • 4/7: The Great War Begins Qs • 4/9: Intro to War • 4/9: Europe Map Activity • 4/11: Causes of WW I • 4/11: The Spark
The Great War Begins Terms • Central Powers • Allied Powers • Western front • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism • Black Hand • Neutral
A NEW KIND OF WAR terms • Battle of the Somme • Gallipoli Campaign • Genocide • Stalemate • Trench warfare • No man’s land • War of Attrition • Propaganda • Battle of Verdun
The War ends terms • Belfour Declaration • President Wilson (U.S.) • Clemenceau (Fr.) • David Lloyd George (Br.) • Total war • Zimmerman note • Armistice • 14 points • Treaty of Versailles • Mandates
1. What were the forces that pushed Europe to the brink of war in 1914? • The forces of _________________, ______________, and _________________ increased tensions and rivalriesbetween the _______________ countries. • As a result, _________________ were formedas a _________________ measure to maintain peace. • _________________, ______________, and _________________ formed the Allies • ________________, _______________, and the later the ___________________ formed the Central Powers.
1. What were the forces that pushed Europe to the brink of war in 1914? • The forces of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism increased tensions and rivalriesbetween the European countries. • As a result, alliances were formedas a defensive measure to maintain peace. • Britain, France, and Russia formed the Allies • Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire formed the Central Powers.
2. How did ethnic tensions in the Balkans spark a political assassination? • The Slavic people in the Balkans wanted their own independent state. • Franz Ferdinand planned to extend political rights to the Slavic people in Austria-Hungary, which would undermine their movement for independence. • To prevent this from happening, the Black Hand assassinated the archduke. • As a result, the alliances between the Great Powers were activated and declarations of war were made.
3. How was the WW I battlefield different than those of earlier wars? • Industrialization led to development of new weapons that caused greater destruction. • Machine guns, heavy artillery, and poison gas led to many more casualties. • As a result, trench warfare and war of attrition were used as defensive strategies. • A stalemate occurred as neither side was able to gain an advantage.
4. How did WW I become a total war? • Total war is the devotion of a nation’s entire resources to the war effort. • Governments raise taxes and borrow money to cover the cost of war. • Censorship and propaganda are used to control public opinion. • Finally, a draft is used to build up the military and women helped on the home front.
5. How did the allies win? • On the battlefield, German soldiers had lost hope of a victory on the Western front. • On the home front, civilian suffering led to a revolution that forced the kaiser to flee the country. • The Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria all surrendered. • The Americans entered the war and helped the Allies by providing fresh soldiers and supplies.
What issues made the peace settlement process difficult? • U.S. President Wilson proposed the Fourteen Points and believed in a “peace without victory.” • France’s Clemenceau was driven by revenge and wanted Germany to assume full blame and pay reparations. • Britain’s George wanted to weaken Germany but still wanted it to be able to defend against Communist Russia.
