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Greek Musicians

Greek Musicians. Music lesson. Attic red-figure, 480-470 BC. A song for every occasion. Prosodion : processional song Peana : (choral and solo song), addressed most often to Apollo, (private, festivals, war, prayer for deliveralce to danger

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Greek Musicians

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  1. Greek Musicians

  2. Music lesson. Attic red-figure, 480-470 BC.

  3. A song for every occasion • Prosodion: processional song • Peana: (choral and solo song), addressed most often to Apollo, (private, festivals, war, prayer for deliveralce to danger • Dythiramb: choral song, in the City Dionisia each chorus was fiffty strong, dancing in circular formation, every year a thousand citizens preformed dithiramb

  4. Hymeneum • Hymeneum: wedding procession, young male dancers, drinking in the streets, a riot of incense, matron ululate • After the newly-weds had gone in for the night, the singing continued ouside the closed door!

  5. Funerals - Symposium • Funerals: mourners wailing and tearing their hair and garments, laments were sung by trained threnodist • Symposium: hymn to the gods, political comments, reflections on the joys of wine or the pains of love, moral advices, humorous abuse

  6. Worksong - Sportsong • Worksongs: carrying the basket of grapes, building works, on board ship the music helped to keep the rowers in time, marching into battle • Childsongs: singing connected to the ball games • Songs for the athletic games and for the victories

  7. Education in athens • In Athens: education with teacher of letter, physical trainer and ”lyre-man” • ”he doesn’t know to play the lyre” was equivalent to say ”he hasn’t had a good education. • Socrates was taking lessons in the lyre at an advanced age

  8. Professionals • Homeric singer, rhapsodus • citharodes and auletes (festivals) • Poet-composers (Pindar, Simonides), created songs for a fee for patrons • Musicians for routine service • Eterae • Slaves, often of foreign origins

  9. Choral training was institutionalized • In Crete boys were drafted into herds and subjected to a disciplined regimen directed towards making them hardly men: they learned dances in armor and the singing of pean • In Sparta the girls were under the guidance of a chourus-master and taught to revere her and obey her

  10. Genealogies • The relation teacher-pupil was similar to a blood relationship (father-son). • The corporation of the musicians was a kind of family. • The Spartan musicians were descendants of some families. • There was a mythical genealogy of musicians

  11. Genealogies • the origin of singing to the aulos was ascribed, through Hyagnis and Marsyas, to Olympus and then Hierax; • singing to accompaniment of the kithara was ascribed to Thaletas, Terpander and Archilochus

  12. HERODOTUS (Hdt.) • VI.60: Moreover the Lacedaemonians are like the Egyptians, in that their heralds and flute-players (auletai) and cooks inherit the craft from their fathers, a flute-player's son (auletes) being a flute-player, and a cook's son a cook, and a herald's son a herald (auletesteauleteoginetaikaimageirosmageiroukaikeryxkerykos), no others usurp their places, making themselves heralds by loudness of voice; they play their craft by right of birth.

  13. Gift of the memory • This theme is based on the concept of memory as a gift, which is inherited and passed down along the branches of genealogies - starting from a Muse, the mother, and Apollo, the divine father - to the son or pupil, singer and link in the chain of knowledge; memory is a gift transmitted by the gods to men

  14. Conservative Music • The music was conservative. • We can talk about a mythology of the musical reminiscence. • The role of music was conserving, transmitting and repeating sounds and myths.

  15. the musician was able to combine sound and imagesthrough the use of his voice, gestures, dance, and instruments; when the musician organized a chorus, he also ruled all aspects of the accompaniment on the aulos or kithara, in addition to coordinating words, music and movements • In this context mousikewas verbally described as the necessary techne to combine text, music and movement, though the process of selection among linguistic-thematic and rhythmic-musical options

  16. Plato • Liked lyres with few strings • Mathematics and order of cosmos • In the Laws he accept aulos as a traditional instrument • In the Republic he condemn the polyharmonic bombyx and the virtuosos

  17. Aristotle • Exclude the aulòs from the educational training of young men • Isn’t possible to talk and sing • Phrigian mode and aulos makes people enthusiastic (entranced), is cathartic • Dorian mode and lyre: ethical, moral character

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