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We need to ask difficult questions and have open discussion about these issues!

Will the universities ever cope with the mass production of nurses in South Africa? We have so much, and yet…… Prof Nokuthula Sibiya, R/N Department of Nursing 7 March 2014 The Forum of Professional Nurse Leaders.

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We need to ask difficult questions and have open discussion about these issues!

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  1. Will the universities ever cope with the mass production of nurses in South Africa? We have so much, and yet…… Prof Nokuthula Sibiya, R/N Department of Nursing 7 March 2014 The Forum of Professional Nurse Leaders

  2. We need to ask difficult questions and have open discussion about these issues!

  3. Nursing is the…

  4. Introduction Background Nursing is the heart beat of any health care system. Millennium development goals are linked to nursing and midwifery. Socio economic development of each country is linked to health status of the population. Leadership is key in ensuring nursing practice, education and practice development.

  5. Introduction Background • Gross shortage of nurses in South Africa. • Need to increase the production of nurses in the country. • Currently mass production of nurses is in colleges. • Nursing education is now located in the Higher Education band.

  6. Outline of the presentation • Higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa. • Nursing in HEIs. • Funding of HEIs in South Africa. • Challenges of access and success in HEIs. • Challenges faced by Nursing in HEIs.

  7. Introduction Status of HEIs in South Africa • 23 public universities in SA. • + 2 new universities (Kimberly & Mbombela). • 11 traditional universities. • 6 comprehensive universities: combine functions of traditional and Universities of Technology (UoTs). • 6UoTs (previously known as technikons).

  8. Status of Nursing in HEIs How many universities offer nursing programmes? • Out of 23 universities in SA, 22 offer nursing (two new universities have nursing in their PQM). • Only Central University of Technology (CUT) does not offer nursing programmes. • In KZN, there are four (4) universities. • Out of the four universities, only three offer nursing programmes. • MUT does not offer nursing programmes (present in their PQM).

  9. Status of Nurse training in KZN colleges How many colleges train nurses in KZN? • Private Nursing Schools • A number of private nursing schools in KZN. • Public Nursing College • KZNCN: 25 campuses-10 campuses and 15 sub-campuses.

  10. Headcount enrolment : health science professions (2000 to 2011) Data represents undergraduate enrolment. Occasional and Postgraduate excluded • Should there be a concern regarding the decrease in certain professions. • High growth within other professions - do we steer the system towards unemployment or oversupply?

  11. Actual average annual growth. What does SA need? EMC the fastest growing profession. Are our Universities coping and did they prepare for such a high growth?

  12. Graduates : health science professions (2000 to 2011) SUPPLY Data represents undergraduate enrolment. Occasional and postgraduate excluded

  13. Graduate growth should be higher than enrolment growth.

  14. Capacity, Intake and Eligible Applicants Nursing 18963000 by 2011 Intake lower than capacity – NMMU, UFS, UJ, UWC Noticeable the increase in the number of eligible applicants

  15. ChallengesHealth Science Deans - 17 Nov 2011 • As presented by Prof S Essack on the 17 November 2011 • Inadequate infrastructure – teaching and learning spaces, skills laboratories, residences • Inadequate clinical teaching and training platform both in available student placement sites as well as the facilities at these sites for non-clinical teaching and learning • Shortage of clinical supervisors within the clinical teaching and training platform as a result of high vacancy rates and high workloads within public sector student placement sites. • Staff:studentratios mandated by the professional councils are increasingly difficult to effect • Increased operational costs, particularly transport costs linked to expanded clinical teaching and training platform • Limited and dwindling pool of credentialed healthcare professionals pursuing careers in the academic health sciences

  16. Unleashing academic talent

  17. Career pathing Promotion

  18. Funding of HEIs

  19. Other sources of funding • Two other major sources of funding: • Student fees often supported by National Student Financial Aid System (NSFAS). • Donations and grants (often through funding for research, for example Atlantic Philanthropies, NRF, MRC, STTI etc.).

  20. Funding for provincial Nursing Colleges Sources • Most nursing colleges function according to provincial legislation. • Funded from the provincial health budgets. • Funding based on a budget submitted by the college principal. • Funding not based on any norms or standards. • Budgets do not automatically increase with increased activity, e.g. more publications, more funding.

  21. Access and success in higher education Challenges • Access and success are primary concerns of university system throughout the world. • Admitting and graduating students is the core business of universities. • Access and success are profoundly linked to the social and political context within which universities operate. • These must be understood in historical terms.

  22. Factors affecting student access and success Access • Political and economic context • Partnerships • Higher education system • Policy • Funding • Quality assurance • Data • Expectations of higher education (HE) • Political and economic forces impacting on HE • Post-school pathways • Youth unemployment & NEETS • Articulation gap • Social context • Race • Gender • Socio–economic status • Schooling • Choice • Career guidance • Preparedness • Literacy • Post-school opportunities • Disadvantage • Equity • Family support Admission/ Application/ Testing Leadership Systems Data Academic staff - InstitutionsE Academic • Curriculum • Pedagogy • Teaching • Technology • Language • Theories of knowledge, teaching and learning • Academic Development • Tracking – early warning systems • Enrolment/Placement • Transition • Students • Individual agency • Student engagement • Campus culture • Peer support • First year experience • Retention Attrition • Finance • Housing • Student • support • services Non - Academic Success Postgraduate Pathways Employment Graduate Attributes Capabilities Graduation Throughput Achievement Stopout, Or Dropout

  23. Access and success in higher education Challenges • In the early 1990s, a massive expansion of black student enrolment in HE occurred. • Numbers increased from 495 356 in 1994 to 938 201 in 2011. • Black student numbers increased from 55% in 1994 to 81% in 2011.

  24. Graduation rates in higher education Challenges • 15% of students at SA universities graduate (Mtshali, 2013). • The target set in the National Plan for HE (NPHE) is 22.5% on an average three-year contact UG programmes and 13.5% for UG distance programmes. • The bar has been raised to 25% for 2030.

  25. Success rates in higher education Challenges • 79% for contact students and 69% for distant UG students. • Success rates of African students are 10% below those of White students (DHET, 2012). • University success rates in SA are relatively low compared to similarly developed countries (National Planning Committee 2011).

  26. Drop-out rates in higher education Challenges • SA has high attrition (low retention) rates. • Of the year 2000 cohort of students, only 30% had graduated after 5 years of study, while 50% had left the institutions without graduating and 14% of students were still registered after 5 years (Scott et al., 2007). • Black completion rate is less than half the white completion rate (Scott et al., 2007; CHE 2013).

  27. Implications for nursing • Nursing is not the first choice of career for the high school learners (Mbangi & Sibiya, 2013). • Nursing still attracts more African than White students (Manson & Sibiya). • The three universities are graduating far less than the number of students that are graduated by nursing colleges in KZN.

  28. Implications for nursing • Enrolment plan submitted to DHET for 2014-2019. • Where is the subsidy going to come from for Nursing Colleges if they move to HE? • Research culture still at its infancy stage-subsidy for block grant-research? • Entry qualifications is Masters. • Pressure for staff to obtain doctoral qualifications.

  29. Collaboration with practice Together we can do more • Advisory board meetings • SANEN • Partnership in organising conferences-2014 ANEC in collaboration with FPNL on 25-27 June 2014

  30. Conclusion

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