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Cloning

Cloning. And its effects on the 21 st century. What is cloning?. Cloning is any process natural or artificial which produces two or more cells or organisms that are genetically identical to one another These cells or organisms we call clones. Clones.

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Cloning

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  1. Cloning And its effects on the 21st century

  2. What is cloning? • Cloning is any process natural or artificial which produces two or more cells or organisms that are genetically identical to one another • These cells or organisms we call clones

  3. Clones • A clone is an organism that does not begin from sexual event, which is the fusion of genetic material from two beings. Instead a clone is formed asexually. • Clones start from either one, or a group of cells from a single organism.

  4. There are two types of clones • Natural Clones • Any cells that produce asexually • Includes identical twins • Artificial Clones • Are formed when someone physically takes the DNA from one organism and transfers it to another organism, putting the DNA into the host cell. The host cell then divides forming the clone.

  5. There are 3 different types of cloning: • Recombinant DNA Technology • Reproductive Cloning • Therapeutic Cloning

  6. Recombinant DNA Technology • Also called; DNA cloning, molecular cloning, and gene cloning • DNA cloning is the process of transferring DNA fragments from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element • The DNA is then put into the host cell of the genetic element

  7. Reproductive Cloning • Is the process of generating a new mammal, where a scientist creates an exact copy of a previously existing mammals genes, making an exact replica of the first mammal.

  8. Therapeutic Cloning • Also called embryo cloning • In therapeutic cloning scientists take embryos and use them in their research • The scientists use the embryos to produce the stem cells which they study to learn about human development and to help treat diseases

  9. Theoretical Benefits of Cloning • Will teach us the process of mammalian development • Would allow us to see what happens when stages of development are altered or removed completely • Also could help us learn what sexual beginning does for mammalian life

  10. Practical Benefits of Cloning • Cloning would help greatly for medical reasons -would help cure diseases -could allow us to replace malfunctioning organs with a clone of that organ -medicines and drug supplies would benefit because we would be able to clone more of the animals that produce certain proteins needed for medicines, resulting in more medicines available to people -could help find a cure for cancer • Cloning more of the better animals allows us to have higher-quality, healthier meat and milk products from our animals • Revive endangered and extinct species

  11. Human Cloning • Beneficial for: • A couple who is infertile and wants to have a child • Could replace a child or loved one who has died

  12. Cloning currently is not allowed to be done on humans, and it does not look like it will be aloud anywhere in the near future. Reasons for this is because cloning is not stable yet, there has not been enough success in cloning and because of the arguments about the ethics behind cloning.

  13. References (2006). Cloning fact sheet. Retrieved November 26, 2007 on the World Wide Web: http://ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml Agar, Nicholas. (2002). Perfect Copy. United Kingdom: Icon Books. Gogoi, Pallovi. (2007). Cloning: scientists vs. consumers. Retrieved November 22, 2007, from Ebsco online http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rch&AN=25005341&site=src-live Levine, Louis. (2007). Cloning. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 22, 2007, from Grolier online http://gme.grolier.com/cgibin/article?assetid=0065440-0 University of Utah (2007). Cloning in Focus. Retrieved November 22, 2007 on the World Wide Web: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/ Yount, Lisa. (2000). Cloning. San Diego: Greenhaven Press.

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