A History of Oppression and Segregation Leads to Change

1. A History of Oppression and Segregation Leads to Change Origins of the Civil Rights Movement

2. March 11 • 1861: Confederate Constitution adopted • 1918: Influenza (DA Flu) hits Fort Riley, KS ****Happy 311 Day!!!****

3. How do you take notes?

4. How do you learn history? 1914 (World War I) 1939 (World War II)  1991 (Mr. Taft is born) People Ideas Impact Mr. Taft Wearing fake glasses Looks ridiculous  

5. Review!!!!!! • According to Leonard Pitts, what makes the black experience unique? • Why might it be important to learn (still) about the Civil Rights Movement?

6. WE’VE ALREADY TALKED ABOUT THIS.....WHY IS IT NECESSARY?

7. Yeah….so history is like totally like kind of like absolutely CONNECTED….

8. Key Pieces • Plessy v. Ferguson: “Separate but Equal” • Brown v. Board of Education: “…with all deliberate speed.” • The Little Rock Nine

9. REMEMBER THE THEMES? • Origins- A Separate and Unequal Society • The Role of the Media • The Role of the Fed. Government

10. Couple quick things…

11. Pre- Civil War • Slavery- 1600s-1865 • Free people of color • Activists • 12 Years a Slave- Solomon Northup • “What difference is there in the color of the soul?”

12. Sojourner Truth- “Ain’t I A Woman?” (1851) “And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man - when I could get it - and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman?”

13. Frederick Douglass- “The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro” (1852) “What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license…”

14. Post Civil War • Emancipation Proclamation- slaves free in ten states still in rebellion Lincoln’s mission to unite the nation • Blacks working as sharecroppers> little pay • Reconstruction • Initial Successes, then failures

15. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Homer Plessy jailed for sitting in white section of the East Louisiana Railroad • Violation of Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments • Supreme Court holds Louisiana statute constitutional • Separate does not imply unequal

16. Plessy v. Ferguson "A statute which implies merely a legal distinction between the white and colored races -- has no tendency to destroy the legal equality of the two races. ... The object of the Fourteenth Amendment was undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law, but in the nature of things it could not have been intended to abolish distinctions based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished from political equality.”

17. Justice John Harlan: “The Great Dissenter” What does this say about some white people during this era?

18. “Separate but Equal”

19. Jim Crow Laws- South Separate: Public places Public transportation Restrooms Drinking fountains Schools

20. Tension and Conflict • Niagara Movement (1905-11) • NAACP (1909) • Rebirth of KKK- 1920’s • http://withoutsanctuary.org/main.html • World War I • World War II

25. **Brown vs. Board of Education (1954)** • Oliver Brown- Topeka, KS • Four other cases- DC, Delaware, South Carolina, Virginia • Thurgood Marshall • Segregation of schools unconstitutional according to 14th Amendment separate is unequal. • Overturns Plessy v. Ferguson

26. Thurgood Marshall First black Supreme Court Justice- October 1967

27. Earl Warren “We conclude unanimously that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” Review: What did Plessy v. Ferguson rule?

28. “With All Deliberate Speed” What does “deliberate” mean? Does “speed” usually mean fast? Do you sense some irony in this statement?

30. Autherine Lucy- University of Alabama

31. Little Rock Nine • Federal court orders Little Rock to comply with Brown v. Board • Nine black students ready to attend Little Rock Central High School • Governor Orval Faubus calls in Arkansas National Guard to prevent entry • Eisenhower overrules, orders National Guard protection federal command

32. Think-Pair-Share: • What kinds of rights should you have when entering a school?

33. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodolEmUg2g

34. Media Frenzy • What is the responsibility of the media? • How might have the media impacted peoples’ views of the Little Rock situation?

39. Dr. Terrence Roberts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUmiW7lXh2A What is the legacy of Brown v. Board?

40. Jackie Robinson • First African-American allowed to play Major League Baseball- 1947, Brooklyn Dodgers • Hall of Fame player • Civil Rights Activist Would Jackie Robinson have been as universally accepted if he was just an average baseball player?

41. Robinson and Ike 1.) When was the document written? 2.) What type of document is it? 3.) Why might Robinson be frustrated about Eisenhower saying that African Americans “must have patience?” 4.) What types of “goals” might he be referring to? 5.) In Robinson’s view, what is the problem with Eisenhower “compromising” with pro-segregation leaders like the Arkansas Governor?