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The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece: A Journey through City-States and Wars

Explore the dynamic history of Classical Greece, from the independent city-states and oligarchies to the rise of Athens under Solon and Cleisthenes. Delve into the Persian Wars, the Golden Age of Pericles, and the destructive Peloponnesian War, which left Greece weakened and divided. Witness the bravery of Spartan warriors, the naval prowess of Athens, and the impact of these events on ancient civilization.

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The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece: A Journey through City-States and Wars

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  1. Classical Greece

  2. City States • Independent • Fought each other • Oligarchies • Many small farmers in debt

  3. Athens - Solon • Followed period of tyrants • Archon – judge, general, and administrator • Cancelled all debts • Four classes • Active participation in politics

  4. Cleisthenes – 508 BCE • All free men, age 18 and who owned property, could vote and hold office. • Assembly of 500 • 50 from each of 10 geographic areas of Athens • All chosen by lottery • Power to impeach

  5. Persian Wars • 500 to 479 BCE • Persians conquered Ionia, then headed towards Athens

  6. Battle of MarathonGreek Phalanx • Outnumbered 2 to 1 • Phalanx • Hoplite • Greeks win

  7. Battle of ThermopylaeSpartan Bravery • 300 Spartans • 700 Thespians stayed too • King Leonidas

  8. Battle of Salamis • Themistocles • “Wall of Wood” • Trireme

  9. Delian League • Persian threat pulled Greeks together • Sparta won the war but… • Athens rose to the top • Used navy to promote trade and boost economy • Athens was paid to “protect” other city-states

  10. Pericles • Participation in government is a right and a responsibility • All citizens are equal in the eyes of the law • The Funeral Oration

  11. Golden Age477 – 431 BCE • “A summit of civilization never before reached by the human race.” • Art, sculpture, literature, drama, architecture all attained new heights. • History turned to toward men and away from gods.

  12. Peloponnesian War431 – 404 BCE • Jealousy • Sparta and Athens went to war • Plague struck Athens • Sparta won

  13. What’s next? • Peloponnesian War left Greece weakened and split • Of course, nobody will take advantage of this… • Except this guy…

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