Comprehensive Review on the Senses: A Detailed Study Guide

1. A Review:Senses A five part review, Utilize your book and outside resources to fill out your study guide!

2. first General Sensation

3. Describe the difference between free and an encapsulated nerve • General sense organs consist of free nerve endings or encapsulated nerve endings • Free nerve endings are found in the skin and mucous • Used for pain, crude tough, temperature, and itch • Encapsulated nerve endings are: • Meissner's corpuscles: found in the skin, used for fine touch • Ruffini’s corpuscles: found in the skin and fingers: used for touch and pressure • Pacinian corpuscles: found in the skin, around joints, and in mammary glands: used for pressure and high- frequency vibration

4. Describe what a Proprioceptor is • A proprioceptor is a specialized receptor found near the point of junction between tendons and muscles and others are found deep within the skeletal muscles • They let you know where your limbs are in space

5. Finish the Chart

6. Part two The EYE

7. Label the Chart

8. In The above diagram identify the location of the rods and the cones. • Rods and cones are sensory nerves located on the retina • What is the difference between the rods and the cones? • Rods: are used for black and white • Cones: are used for color

9. Identify the Function of the Following Structures • Cornea: • The thin outer portion o f the anterior eye • Pupil: • The opening in the doughnut shaped muscle of the eye • Ciliary Muscle: • Contract to control the size of the pupil • Retina • The lining of the posterior part of the eye • Contains sensory neurons; that process vision

10. Iris: • Color portion of the eye • Optic Nerve: • Where sensory neurons gather in the back of the eye to carry signal to the brain • Lacrimal gland • Gland on superior lateral portion of the eye that secretes tears

11. Part three Taste and smell

12. TASTE • Papillae are located on the tongue and are used for taste and breakdown of food. • Filiform papilla -have NO taste buds and are have bristles to break down food. These are the most common. • Fungiform Papillae-Have SOME taste buds and are found on the margins of the tongue. • Circumvallate Papillae-are the largest taste bud but are the least common on the tongue

13. What are the four primary taste sensations? • Sweet, sour, bitter, salty • What are the two key nerves for taste? • Cranial nerve 7 (Facial Nerve) • Cranial nerve 9 (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)

14. SMELL • What are olfactory receptors? • Olfactory receptors are neurons that allow us to recognize a small • They are extremely sensitive but easily adaptive • Where are these receptors located? • Receptors are located in the olfactory mucosa of nasal cavity • Olfactory nerve impulses are associated with what part of the brain? • The olfactory nerve sends impulses to the olfactory bulb in the brain

15. Part four The EAR

16. Label The specified parts of the ear

17. What are the functions of the following parts of the eat • Auditory/Eustachian Tube: • Connects the throat to the middle ear • Tympanic Membrane: • Converts sound waves to mechanical vibrations • The Vestibular Nerve: • Nerves from semicircular canals; tells you where you are in space • The Organ of Corti: • Organ for hearing, lies in snail-shaped cochlea • Sends signals from ear to brain

18. Part five All Senses

19. Fill In the Blanks • The retina has two light receptors ____ and ______ • The__________________________ separates the inner ear from the middle ear. • In order to see things up close ciliary bodies of the eye must ______ and the lens must______. • The middle ear has three bones they are the ______, ______ and _______ • Vibration sense is due to nerve endings called _____________ • The eye has two humors the ______humor in front of the lens and the _______humor behind the lens.