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Understanding the Human Reproductive System

Explore the intricate workings of the male and female reproductive systems, from gamete production to hormonal regulation and fertility. Learn about the organs, glands, and processes crucial for sustaining life and continuing the species.

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Understanding the Human Reproductive System

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  1. THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  2. 1) REPRODUCTION • MECHANISM USED TO SUSTAIN LIFE; CONTINUE A SPECIES • THE RERPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO 3 PARTS: • GONADS: TESTES, OVARIES • DUCT SYSTEM: PASSAGEWAY THAT TRANSPORTS, RECEIVES AND STORES GAMETES/SEX CELLS • ACCESSORY GLANDS: PRODUCE MATERIAL THAT SUPPORTS GAMETES

  3. 2) THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • A) FUNCTION: PRODUCE/MAINTAIN MALE SEX CELLS/SPERM CELLS/SPERMATOZOA • B) PARTS: TESTES, EPIDIDYMIS, VAS DEFERENS, SEMINAL VESICLES, PROSTATE GLAND, BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS, SCROTUM, PENIS • C) HORMONES: ANDROGENS= MALE SEX HORMONES: TESTOSTERONE, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH), INTERSTITIAL CELL STIMULATING HORMONE (ICSH)

  4. PARTS 3) TESTES: SPERM PRODUCED HERE 300 MILLION SPERM/DAY LIVE 48 HRS INSIDE FEMALE AND ARE FERTILE FOR 24 HRS INSIDE THE FEMALE REPROD TRACT

  5. ACCESSORY GLANDS • 4) EPIDIDYMIS: STORAGE FOR SPERM TO MATURE COILED, THREAD LIKE TUBE SPERM LEAVE TESTES, COME HERE STAY HERE 18 HRS TO 10 DAYS TO REACH MATURATION DIE IN 4 WEEKS PERISTALTIC WAVES MOVE TO VAS DEFERENS

  6. 5) VAS DEFERENS • TUBE, UNITES W/ SEMINAL VESICLES • VASCETOMY CLIPS THIS (CALLED TUBAL LIGATION IN FEMALE-CLIPS FALLOPIAN TUBES)

  7. 6) SEMINAL VESICLE EJACULATORY DUCT, PASSES THRU PROSTATE GLAND, EMPTIES INTO URETHRA PRODUCES ALKALINE (BASIC) FLUID (URINE IS ACIDIC); THIS IS HIGH IN FRUCTOSE-FOR ENERGY

  8. 7) PROSTATE GLAND • SURROUNDS BEGINNING OF URETHRA • PRODUCES CITRATE (GIVES SPERM ABILITY TO MOVE)

  9. 8) BULBOURETHRAL GLAND=COWPER’S GLAND 2 SMALL GLANDS, BELOW PROSTATE, ABOUT THE SIZE OF A PEA PRODUCE MUCUS TO HELP SPERM TRAVEL MUCUS NEUTRALIZES ACIDITY OF URINE

  10. 9) SEMEN: SPERM + FRUCTOSE + CITRATE + MUCUS • FROM: • SPERM-TESTES • FRUCTOSE-SEMINAL VESICLES • CITRATE-PROSTATE • MUCUS-BULBOURETHERAL GLANDS

  11. EXTERNAL 10) SCROTUM SURROUNDS/PROTECTS TESTES DIVIDED INTO 2 SACS SEPARATED BY A SEPTUM EACH SAC CONTAINS A TESTES AND EPIDIDYMIS

  12. 11) PENIS • CONVEYS URINE AND SEMINAL FLUID TO EXTERIOR • 12) HORMONES: • TESTOSTERONE: SECONDARY SEX CHARS- INCREASED BODY HAIR GROWTH ENLARGEMENT OF LARYNX AND THICKENING OF VOCAL CORDS THICKENING OF SKIN INCREASED MUSCULAR GROWTH, BROADER SHOULDERS THICKENING/STRENGTHENING OF BONES B) FSH AND ICSH: TELL TESTES TO PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE

  13. 13) SPERM: MALE: FAST MOVING, SWIM BETTER IN BASIC SOLNS NEG. AFFECTED BY ACIDIC SECRETIONS SHORT LIVED FEMALE: SLOW MOVING, DEAL W/ ACIDIC SOLNS BETTER LONGER LIVED

  14. 14) THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • A) MAIN ORGAN: OVARIES, PRODUCE EGGS/OVA • B) OOGENESIS- FORMATION OF EGGS • C) OVULATION: RELEASE OF EGG FROM OVARY • D) PARTS: FALLOPIAN TUBES, UTERUS, VAGINA, LABIA, CLITORIS, MAMMARY GLANDS • E) HORMONES: ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE

  15. INTERNAL • 15) UTERINE TUBES=FALLOPIAN TUBES=OVIDUCTS CARRY EGGS TO UTERUS ABT 4 INCHES LONG 3 PARTS: ISTHMUS, AMPULIA, INFUNDIBULUM RIPENED EGG IN FALLOPIAN TUBES FOR SEVERAL DAYS…WHEN EGG IS IN TUBES, FEMALE IS MOST FERTILE, JUST BEFORE MENSTRUATION ECTOPIC/TUBAL PREGNANCY IN AMPULIA

  16. 16) UTERUS= WOMB • GETS EMBRYO • HOLLOW, MUSCULAR ORGAN, PEAR SHAPED • CHANGES SIZE DURING PREGNANCY • 2 PARTS: BODY/FUNDUS (UPPER 2/3) CERVIX (LOWER 1/3) CERVIX: CLOSED EXCEPT DURING CHILDBIRTH, DILATES DURING CHILDBIRTH, PAP SMEAR TESTS CERVIX. CERVICAL EFFACEMENT=CERVICAL THINNING UTERINE LININGS: ENDOMETRIUM, MYOMETRIUM(CONTRACTIONS), EPIMETRIUM

  17. 17) VAGINA: BIRTH CANAL MUSCULAR TUBE

  18. EXTERNAL • 18) MAMMARY GLANDS-SECRETE MILK • 19) LABIA: FOLDS OF TISSUE, PROTECT VAGINA • 20) CLITORIS: LABIA JOIN AT THE VULVA, COVER/PROTECT CLITORIS • 21) HORMONES: • ESTROGEN: PRODUCED IN OVARY, STIMULATES MUSCLE GROWTH, STIMULATES BONE GROWTH, CAUSES ADIPOSE DEPOSITS IN BUTTOCKS, THIGHS, BREAST; HAIR GROWTH, FALLOPIAN TUBES TO INCREASE ACTIVITY, ASSISTS IN FETUS GROWTH • PROGESTERONE: INCREASES BREAST SIZE, INCREASES SIZE OF ENDOMETRIUM, INHIBITS UTERINE CONTRACTIONS, SUPPRESSES FSH • FSH AND LH: MATURATION OF OVUM, OVULATION • LTH (LUTEOTROPHIC HORMONE):PROLACTION

  19. 22) MENSTRURAL CYCLE USUALLY: 28 DAY CYCLE DAYS 1-5: MENSES DAYS 6-14: PROLIFERATIVE STAGE (OVULATION) DAYS 15-28: SECRETORY STAGE: ENDOMETRIUM GROWS

  20. REVIEW TERMS FERTILIZATION ZYGOTE EMBRYO FETUS AMNIOTIC SAAC AMNIOCENTESIS PLACENTA UMBILICAL CORD CLEAVAGE-GASTRULATION-BLASTULA

  21. ECTODERM (SKIN, HAIR, SWEAT GLANDS, NAILS, NERVOUS) • ENDODERM (DIGESTIVE) • MESODERM (SKELETAL, GONADS) • NEURALATION (NEURAL TUBE) • ORGANOGENESIS

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