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APES 10/4

APES 10/4. Please take out your Wetlands FRQ Get a laptop for note-taking. FRQ Scoring. With a partner, carefully score each section of your FRQ Give yourself a total score out of 11 Be ready to ask questions about FRQs, in general. Today:. Measuring energy within food webs

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APES 10/4

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  1. APES 10/4 Please take out your Wetlands FRQ Get a laptop for note-taking

  2. FRQ Scoring • With a partner, carefully score each section of your FRQ • Give yourself a total score out of 11 • Be ready to ask questions about FRQs, in general

  3. Today: • Measuring energy within food webs • Major players in food webs • Some are more important than others! (producers, keystone species)

  4. Players in the Food Web • Plants are called producers, and also autotrophs • Autotroph = makes own food using sunlight • First level consumers eat producers • Second level consumers eat first level consumers, and so on • Consumers are also called heterotrophs (get food/energy from outside source)

  5. Other Players Detritivores (mites, snails, and worms) feed on dead matter Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) break down dead matter

  6. Trophic Levels • Each step along a food chain or web is called a trophic level • Producers are the first trophic level • Consumers make up the second, third, and higher trophic levels • Also called primary, secondary, tertiary consumers

  7. Energy Pyramids • The energy that producers and consumers can possibly make and pass on can be represented in an energy pyramid • Because producers photosynthesize and are numerous, they are on the bottom of the pyramid

  8. Pyramid of Energy Example

  9. Measures of Energy in Ecosystems • Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) = total solar energy captured by plants (ONLY ABOUT 1%) • Net Primary Productivity (NPP) = total energy captured minus the energy used by producers for their own respiration (what’s left over for consumers!) NPP = GPP – Respiration by Producers

  10. Practice Problem • A forest has an NPP of 1.4 kg C/m2/year and the rate of cellular respiration is 2.4 kg C/m2/year. What is the GPP? NPP = GPP – Respiration 1.4 = GPP – 2.4 GPP = 1.4 + 2.4 = 3.8 kilograms of Carbon per square meter per year

  11. Biomes Differ in NPP

  12. Ecological Efficiency • Proportion of energy that is passed between trophic levels, after cellular respiration • 10% on average!

  13. 10% 90% lost as heat 10% rule...

  14. ? Cal ? Cal ? Cal 1000 Cal How much energy is at each level?

  15. 1 Cal 10 Cal 100 Cal 1000 Cal How much energy is at each level? 9 Cal as heat 90 Cal as heat 900 Cal as heat

  16. Pyramid of Biomass Biomass= total mass of living matter in an area At which level is the most biomass located?

  17. 100 grams 200 grams 600 grams 1000 grams Pyramid of Biomass • Same as pyramid of energy • More mass in bottom trophic levels

  18. Keystone Species • Not all species in a food web have equal importance! • Some species are KEYSTONE SPECIES. • Be prepared to define and give examples after the video. http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/some-animals-are-more-equal-others-keystone-species-and-trophic-cascades

  19. Due Next Time • First two worksheets, front and back • Either get started, or finish making the top (terrestrial part of your eco-column) • All groups need to do one rinse.

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