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What do Genes Look Like?

Explore the structure and replication of genes, how DNA serves as hereditary material, and the key scientists involved in understanding DNA. Discover the fascinating world of nucleotides and the double helix model of DNA. Learn how DNA copies itself and the significance of this process.

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What do Genes Look Like?

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  1. What do Genes Look Like? Chapter 7, section 1 notes

  2. What we know: Genes are located on chromosomes and chromosomes are made of DNA. • DNA - Hereditary material that controls the activity of a cell. - Contains information to make new cells. - Provides instructions for making protein.

  3. DNA serves two main functions • To supply complex instructions for cell processes and for building cell structures. • To be able to be copied each time a cell divides.

  4. How can something so small hold the keys for making and directing living organisms? Let’s take a look inside…

  5. Nucleotides- the subunits of DNA • 4 nucleotides make up DNA 1.  Adenine 2.  Thymine 3.  Guanine 4. Cytosine

  6. 3 different types of materials make up a nucleotide • 1.Sugar • 2.Phosphate 3. Base

  7. The People involved • Erwin Chargaff- Chargaff’s Rule- A = T and G = C • Mnemonic Device • Atoms are Tiny (adenine pairs with thymine) • Candy is Great (cytosine pairs with guanine)

  8. Rosalind Franklin • She used x-ray diffraction to capture an image of a DNA molecule that suggested that DNA has a spiral shape.

  9. James Watson and Francis Crick • Took the information from Wilkins and Franklin and concluded that DNA resembles a twisted ladder shape known as a double helix. They used this model to predict how DNA is copied.

  10. Notes on your own… • DNA’s Double Structure (pg. 210) • DNA Replication (pg. 210) • How Copies Are Made (pg. 211) • When Copies Are Made (pg. 211) For each sub heading write down three or four important facts. Also draw a sketch to model how DNA is replicated.

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