Business Models for Dynamically Provisioned Optical Networks Tal Lavian

1. DWDM RAM DWDM RAM Data@LIGHTspeed Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency BUSINESS WITHOUT BOUNDARIES Business Models for Dynamically Provisioned Optical Networks Tal Lavian

2. Low latency, high bandwidth services (>1Gb/s) are emerging requirements for business, medical, education, government and industry New applications development and business models could be stimulated by affordable and easily accessible high bandwidth in both local and wide area networks High bandwidth connections are typically full period today but full period 7x24 bandwidth is not always needed. Technologies are now available that suggest plausible new business model options to offer time slots for high bandwidth services Dynamic provisioning of lambda and sub-lambda time slots Periodically scheduled (N time slots per day, per week) or ad hoc Concept for “Utility” Bandwidth

3. User/Bandwidth Profile Application Profile A–Lightweight users, browsing, mailing, home use B– Current business applications, multicast, streaming, VPNs, mostly LAN C– Emerging business, government, industry & scientific applications, data grids, virtual-presence # of users A Network Profile A– Internet routing, one to many B– VPN services on/and full Internet routing, several to several C– Very fat pipes (both full and non-full period services), limited multiple Virtual Organizations, few to few B A C ADSL ADSL GE BW requirements

4. Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery Remote file storage/back-up Recovery after equipment or path failure Alternate site operations due to natural or man-made disaster Storage and data on demand Rapid expansion of network attached storage capacity Archival storage and retrievals Logistical networking – pre-fetch and cache Financial community and transaction GRIDs Distributed computational and storage resources Shared use of very high bandwidth network resources Utility computing for pay-as-you-go business models Dynamic Wave Provisioning ServiceBusiness Model Examples

5. Core network is a shared resource • SLAs for graduated performance • Fixed time slots • Lambdas & sub-lambdas • Dynamically allocated Remote storage / processing location 100s of transactions per second 100s of transactions per second Dynamically provisioned carrier or large enterprise network – switched lambdas and sub-lambdas Remote storage / processing location Remote storage / processing location 100s of transactions per second

6. Real-time transactions processed and buffered at collection sites for Businesses “BB” & “SRU” Periodic transfer to remote site for batch processing using fixed timeslot dynamic lambda provisioning High bandwidth/low holding time connection provides periodically scheduled shared use path between collection and remote sites. Transaction GRID Demonstration

7. McCormick Place Taylor odinserver nrm DemoControl DemoGUI DemoSender1 Demo Display Station ODIN (129.105.220.46/24) ControlHost (129.105.25.103/24) NRM (129.105.220.101/24) LakeShoreHost (192.26.85.147/26) DemoReceiver1 PP8600 Lakeshore 24.1 km SheridanHost1 (192.26.85.169/26) 24.9 km DemoReceiver2 PP8600 Sheridan 10.3 km 6.7 km SheridanHost2 (192.26.85.170/26) Federal 100 Mbps 7.2 km Media Converter/ Local Sw/hub OMNInet PP8600 1 x GE DemoSender2 10GE (l1) Advantage: By having this setup we have contention for Redλ2 between Lakeshore and Sheridan when App A & B try for the same timeslot. 10GE (l2) 10GE (l3) FederalHost (192.26.85.130/26) GRIDBRICK Logical Demo Layout Photonic Switch

8. Demonstration Parameters All parameters are dynamic and updated in real time

9. DWDM-RAM Architecture Charts

10. l1 ln DWDM-RAM Architecture Data-Intensive Applications DTS API Data Transfer Service Application Middleware Layer Network Resource Service NRS Grid Service API Basic Network Resource Service Network Resource Scheduler Network Resource Middleware Layer Data Handler Service Information Service l OGSI-ification API Dynamic Lambda, Optical Burst, etc., Grid services Connectivity and Fabric Layers Optical path control l1 Data Center Data Center ln

11. DWDM-RAM Architecture Applications Application Data Transfer Scheduling Collective Resource Network Resource Scheduling Communication Protocols Connectivity ODIN Fabric OMNInet

12. Software suite that controls the OMNInet through lower-level API calls Designed for high-performance, long-term flow with flexible and fine grained control Stateless server, which includes an API to provide path provisioning and monitoring to the higher layers Applications Application Data Transfer Scheduling Collective Resource Network Resource Scheduling Communication Protocols Connectivity ODIN Fabric OMNInet DWDM-RAM ArchitectureODIN – Optical Domain Intelligent Network

13. Standard off-the-shelf communication protocol suites Provide communication between application clients and DWDM-RAM services and between DWDM-RAM components Communication consists of mainly SOAP messages in HTTP envelopes transported over TCP/IP connections Applications Application Data Transfer Scheduling Collective Resource Network Resource Scheduling Communication Protocols Connectivity ODIN Fabric OMNInet DWDM-RAM ArchitectureCommunication Protocols

14. Essentially a resource management service Maintains schedules and provisions resources in accordance with the schedule Provides an OGSI compliant interface to request the optical network resources Applications Application Data Transfer Scheduling Collective Resource Network Resource Scheduling Communication Protocols Connectivity ODIN Fabric OMNInet DWDM-RAM ArchitectureNetwork Resource Scheduling

15. Direct extension of NRS service, provides an OGSI interface Shares same backend scheduling engine & resides on same host Provides a high-level functionality Allow applications to schedule data transfers without the need to directly reserve lightpaths The service also perform the actual data transfer once the network is allocated Applications Application Data Transfer Scheduling Collective Resource Network Resource Scheduling Communication Protocols Connectivity ODIN Fabric OMNInet DWDM-RAM ArchitectureData Transfer Scheduling

16. λ Data Receiver Data Source FTP client FTP server NRS DTS Client App Data Transfer Scheduling • Uses standard ftp • Uses NRS to allocate lambdas • Uses OGSI calls to request network resources

17. Target is data-intensive applications since their requirements make them the perfect costumer for DWDM networks Applications Application Data Transfer Scheduling Collective Resource Network Resource Scheduling Communication Protocols Connectivity ODIN Fabric OMNInet DWDM-RAM ArchitectureApplications

18. Applications may request a data transfer Applications Data Transfer Scheduling Applications Network Resource Scheduling Resource Allocator Network Resource Scheduling DWDM-RAM Modes • Applications may request a set of resources through a resource allocator, which will handle the network reservation

19. NRS is the key for providing network as a resource It is a service with an application-level interface Used for requesting, releasing, and managing the underlying network resources Understands the topology of the network Maintains schedules and provisions resources in accordance with the schedule Keeps one scheduling map for each lambda in each segment The Network Service

20. The Network Service Scheduling maps: Each with a vector of time intervals for keeping the reservations. Scheduling maps for each segment

21. NRS Provides an OGSI-based interface to network resources Request parameters Network addresses of the hosts to be connected Window of time for the allocation Duration of the allocation Minimum and maximum acceptable bandwidth (future) Provides the network resource On demand By advance reservation Network is requested within a window Constrained Under-constrained The Network Service

22. On Demand Constrained window: right now! Under-constrained window: ASAP! Advance Reservation Constrained window Tight window, fits the transference time closely Under-constrained window Large window, fits the transference time loosely Allows flexibility in the scheduling The Network Service

23. Under-constrained window Request for 1/2 hour between 4:00 and 5:30 on Segment D granted to User W at 4:00 New request from User X for same segment for 1 hour between 3:30 and 5:00 Reschedule user W to 4:30; user X to 3:30. Both requests are satisfied. X 3:30 3:30 3:30 4:00 4:00 4:00 4:30 4:30 4:30 5:00 5:00 5:00 5:30 5:30 5:30 W W X The Network Service Route allocated for a time slot; new request comes in; 1st route can be rescheduled for a later slot within window to accommodate new request

24. End-to-end Transfer Time (Un-optimized) GigE  L2 Switch 10GE  switched lambdas 20GB File Transfer Set up: 29.7s Transfer: 174s Tear down: 11.3s Transfer rate: 920Mb/s Effective rate:744Mb/s 1. File transfer request 10. File transfer complete, path released 0.5s 3.6s 0.5s 25s 0.14s 174s 0.3s 11s 7. Data Transfer (20 GB) 6. Transport setup 5. Network reconfiguration 8. Path Deallocation request 4. Path ID returned 3. ODIN Server Processing 2. Path Allocation request 9. ODIN Server Processing For a 200GB file: Transfer rate:920Mb/s Effective rate: 898Mb/s

25. 20GB File Transfer

26. DWDM RAM DWDM RAM Data@LIGHTspeed 24x36 poster board 4” banner for title or just leave blank ¾” margin 8.5 x 11 charts 1.5” margin 1.5” margin