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Sexuality

Sexuality. Choices in Sexual Behavior. Sexuality: The Five Circles. Sexual Identity. Biological Genetic instructions X & Y chromosomes Gender identity Gender roles Masculine or feminine/stereotypes Transgendered Transsexual Androgynous Metrosexual Cultural influences

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Sexuality

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  1. Sexuality Choices in Sexual Behavior

  2. Sexuality: The Five Circles

  3. Sexual Identity • Biological • Genetic instructions • X & Y chromosomes • Gender identity • Gender roles • Masculine or feminine/stereotypes • Transgendered • Transsexual • Androgynous • Metrosexual • Cultural influences • Sexual orientation

  4. Sexual Orientation • Heterosexual • Homosexual • Gay • Lesbian • Bisexual • Transsexual • Homophobia

  5. Male Reproductive Organs: Side View

  6. External Female Genital Structures

  7. Female Reproductive Organs: Side View

  8. The Human Sexual Response • Stage One: • Excitement/arousal (foreplay) • Stage Two: • Plateau • Stage Three: • Orgasm • Stage Four: • Resolution

  9. Traditional Sexual Behavior: Western Standards • Two-person, heterosexual • Coital standard • Orgasmic • Romantic • Safe

  10. Options For Sexual Expression • Celibacy/abstinence • Autoerotic behaviors • Sexual fantasies • Masturbation • Kissing and erotic touching: erogenous zones • Manual stimulation • Oral-genital stimulation • Cunnilingus • Fellatio • Anal intercourse

  11. Variant Sexual Behavior • Group sex • Transvestism • Fetishism • Exhibitionism • Voyeurism • Sadomasochism • Pedophilia • Autoerotic asphyxiation • Alcohol/Drug Use • Rohypnol (roofies); GHB (liquid X); Ketamine (special K)

  12. Sexual Function: Difficulties • Sexual desire disorders • Sexual arousal disorders • Orgasm disorders • Sexual performance disorders • Sexual pain disorders

  13. Responsible Choices Preventing contraception & sexually transmitted infections

  14. Fertility Management Choosing when to facilitate conception

  15. Contraception: Barrier Methods • Condom • Male • Female • Spermicides • Diaphragm

  16. Proper Condom Use

  17. College Students & Condoms

  18. Condoms: Some Tips • Use approved lubricants • Do not use products with mineral oils • Store in a cool, dry place • Inspect for small tears • Carry a spare • Check the expiration or manufacture date • Breakage

  19. Excuses & Answers • It doesn’t feel as good with a condom • I'll feel more relaxed. If I am more relaxed, I can make it feel better for you. • I don't stay hard when I put on a condom • I'll help you put it on. That will help. • I am afraid to ask him to use a condom. He'll think I don't trust him. • If you can't ask him, you probably don't trust him. • It's up to him. It's his decision • It's your health. It’s your decision too! • Putting it on interrupts everything • Not if I help put it on • I don't have a condom with me • I do

  20. Contraception: Hormonal Methods • Oral • 21/7 • 12/1 • Patch • Ring • Depo-Provera

  21. Advantages Spontaneity Research Lighter menstrual flow Less menstrual side affects Sexual enjoyment Disadvantages Daily Drug interactions Delayed return to fertility No STI protection Side effects Research The Pill

  22. Contraception: Other Methods • Sterilization • Vasectomy • Tubal ligation; hysterectomy • Intrauterine devices • Withdrawal • Fertility awareness/rhythm • Emergency contraceptive pills • Outercourse • Abstinence

  23. Abortion • Roe v. Wade • Termination of unplanned pregnancies accounts for 50% • U.S. rate higher than any other industrialized nation • Challenges to law • Violence

  24. Sexually Transmitted Infections Preventable public health dangers

  25. Modes of Transmission • Sexual intercourse • Oral-genital contact • Hand-genital contact • Anal intercourse

  26. General Signs & Symptoms

  27. Herpes: Family of Infections • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) • Skin sores, eruptions • Vagina, penis, anus, buttocks, thighs, mouth • No cure • Symptomatic relief • Reactivation • Stress, inadequate diet & sleep, overworked immune system

  28. Herpes: Prevention

  29. Genital Warts • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • 5.5 million Americans/yr • 30% progress to precancerous cells • Treatable – podophyllin, cryosurgery, simple excision, laser surgery, creams containing 5-fluorouracil, interferon injections • Preventable: vaccine

  30. Chlamydia • Most commonly reported STI • Males • Painful urination • Watery, puslike penil discharge • Injury to glands, damage to blood vessels & heart, symptoms of arthritis • Females • Most often asymptomatic until progression • Vaginal discharge, spotting • Damage to cervix, tubes & inner pelvic structure, sterility; high risk for miscarriage/stillbirth • Treatable with antibiotics

  31. Gonorrhea • 700,000 cases/year • Primarily infects the linings of the urethra, genital tract, pharynx, and rectum • High risk • Males aged 20 to 24 • Females 15-19 • Treatable with antibiotics • If left untreated, can cause sterility

  32. Syphilis • Progresses in stages • Primary – chancre that disappears in 3-6 weeks • Secondary – 1-12 months after chancre disappears, rash or white patches on skin lasting a few weeks or months • Latent – infectious lesions • Late – heart damage, central nervous system damage, blindness, paralysis, dementia • Treatable with antibiotics

  33. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) The virus that progressively destroys the body’s ability to fight infections and certain cancers

  34. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 26 clinical conditions that affect people with advanced HIV disease

  35. HIV/AIDS: Global Crisis • Sub-Saharan Africa • <1 in 5 worldwide have access to basic prevention • 1,800 children/day become infected worldwide • Only 20% affected receive treatment

  36. HIV/AIDS: Women • > 60% U.S. AIDS cases • Leading cause of death in African American women aged 25 to 44 • Underrepresented in clinical trials • Economic disadvantages, cultural norms, rape, sexual abuse, caregiving burdens, less education, passive role in negotiating safe sex

  37. High Risk Behaviors • Exchange of body fluids • Blood, semen & vaginal secretions • Vaginal, anal & oral sex • Sharing needles • Blood transfusion prior to 1985 • Mother-to-infant (prenatal) transmission

  38. HIV: Transmission • HIV enters the host from an infected host • Mucous membranes of the genitals and anus are easiest route of entry • Once inside the host, the virus begins to multiply • Virus begins to destroy helper T-lymphocytes • Virus changes the genetic structure of the cells it attacks • The body begins to produce antibodies • ELISA • Western blot

  39. New Hope & Treatments • New drugs have slowed the progression from HIV to AIDS • Protease inhibitors block the HIV protease enzyme from cutting protein chains to form new viruses • Protease inhibitors are difficult to manufacture • There is, at this time, no cure

  40. Avoid casual sex Avoid unprotected sex Always use latex condoms Never share needles Never share razors & tattoo or piercing instruments Always use dental dams during oral sex Always be a self-advocate with medical professionals Assertively discuss protection with partners Healthy Behaviors

  41. Tattoo & Piercing Safety

  42. You Can Prevent HIV Infection Make responsible choices: avoid high risk behaviors

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