What is Matter?

1. What is Matter? • Matter is anything that has volume and mass. • All matter takes up space. • The amount of space taken up, or occupied, is known as the object’s volume.

2. Measuring Liquid Volume • Measured in liters (L) or milliliters (ml) • Can be measured in a graduated cylinder, beaker, or measuring cup • Meniscus – curve at liquid surface used to accurately measure liquid volume What causes the meniscus? A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides.

3. Measuring Liquid Volume What is the volume of water in each cylinder? Images created at http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/primaryframework/downloads/SWF/measuring_cylinder.swf B C A Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.

4. 9 cm 8 cm 10 cm Measuring Volume of a Regularly Shaped Solid Object • Measured in cubic units (having three dimensions) • Multiply length x width x height • Measured as cubic meters (m3) or cubic centimeters (cm3) _____ X _____ X _____ = _____ One cubic meter (1 m³) is a cube where each edge is 1 m long

5. Amount of H2O with object = ______Amount of H2O without object = ______ Difference (Subtract) = ______ Volume = ______ http://resources.edb.gov.hk/~s1sci/R_S1Science/sp/en/syllabus/unit14/new/testingmain1.htm Volume of an Irregularly Shaped Solid • Measure the displacement of water in a graduated cylinder 1 ml is equal to 1cm3 Although volumes of liquids can be expressed in cubic units, volumes of solids should not be expressed in liters or milliliters.

6. Measuring volume of a gas • If you know the volume of the container then you know the volume of the gas

7. Mass and Weight • Mass – the amount of matter that makes up something. Measured in kilograms (kg), grams (g) or milligrams (mg) on a triple beam balance • Gravity – a force that exists between any two objects that have mass • Weight – measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object. Expressed in SI unit of force, the newton (N) Measured with a spring scale 1 Newton = approximately 100g of mass on Earth

8. Once you have balanced the scale, you add up the amounts on each beam to find the total mass. What would be the mass of the object measured in the picture? _______ + ______ + _______ = ________ g Measuring Mass We will be using triple-beam balances to find the mass of various objects. The objects are placed on the scale and then you move the weights on the beams until you get the lines on the right-side of the scale to match up. Top Image: http://www.southwestscales.com/Ohaus_Triple_Beam_750-SO.jpgBottom Image: http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/units/laboratory/graphics/triplebeambalance.jpg

9. A person's weight on the Moon is 1/6 of his or her weight on Earth. • Mass is constant for an object no matter where it is in the universe. The only way to change the mass of an object is to change the amount of matter that makes up the object. • Weight changes with distance of gravitational force from the Earth or any other large body of the universe The more mass an object has, the greater the gravitational force on the object and the greater the object’s weight.

11. Inertia • The tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion • Mass is a measure of inertia (more mass equals more inertia) • Objects at rest will remain at rest unless an unbalanced force causes them to move • Objects in motion will stay in motion at the same speed and direction unless an unbalanced force causes a change • Newton’s first law of motion