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Network/Protocol Architecture

Network/Protocol Architecture. Network Architecture: Integrated vs. Overlay. Overlay Mobile Network (e.g. GSM) + broadband services. More suitable for scalable/ubiquitous services. Basic architectural options for broadband wireless systems:. Multiple radio air interfaces “plugged in”

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Network/Protocol Architecture

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  1. Network/Protocol Architecture

  2. Network Architecture: Integrated vs. Overlay Overlay Mobile Network (e.g. GSM) + broadband services More suitable for scalable/ubiquitous services... • Basic architectural options for broadband wireless systems: Multiple radio air interfaces “plugged in” to mobility-enhanced core network Radio Air Interface B Radio Air Interface A Radio Air Interface B Radio Air Interface A Core Network + Mobility Fixed Network Integrated Broadband + Mobile Network + separate radio access components Overlay Mobile Network + Broadband Services + separate core network

  3. Network Architecture: Seamless Wired+Wireless System Typical architecture of integrated (broadband + mobile) network: Switch/Router Multiservices Broadband Network Mobility Support Switch/Router to Internet & PSTN Gateways Media Servers Home/Office Gateway cellular, PCS air interface Radio Port ........... Microcellular Mobile Network broadband air interface MM PDA PC, STB, etc. Wireless Local Access ...........

  4. Network Architecture: Protocol Selection • Once the integrated network approach is selected, basic issue is that of selecting a multimedia-capable core network protocol to use as foundation: • ATM • IP • both ATM and IP in some suitable combination? • future open programmable/active network? • Selection is complicated by the existence of different protocols for telecom networks and Internet (though gradual convergence is now a definite possibility…)

  5. Network Architecture: Wireless ATM System • Wireless ATM is a candidate architecture which assumes that the multimedia services infrastructure is ATM-based: • Support for service integration & QoS • Connection-oriented framework suitable for dynamic handoff • ATM cells reasonable unit for radio link retransmission Radio Microcell 1 ATM ACCESS POINT WATM TERMINAL WATM cells ATM cells ATM HOST/SERVER ATM SWITCH + Mobility Ext Standard UNI (+M): ATM or IP/ATM WATM Radio Air Interface Mobile ATM “M” UNI/NNI Standard UNI: ATM or IP/ATM Radio Microcell 2

  6. Network Architecture: Wireless IP System • Wireless IP an alternative approach based on the notion that today’s Internet protocols will evolve to provide most multimedia services: • Provides a robust packet-switched solution for radio access • Connectionless protocols offer lower complexity implementation • Enhancements needed for QoS support and dynamic mobility Radio Microcell 1 IP ACCESS POINT IP TERMINAL IP Pkts w/ DLC segments IP packets IP HOST/SERVER IP ROUTER + Mobility Ext Standard IP/RSVP “+M” Radio Air Interface IP/RSVP + “M” Standard IP Radio Microcell 2

  7. RSVP + Mob Ext Application Data TCP/UDP/RTP IP Network Layer (incl.. Mob IP) Radio link control .. Flow # 1 n Wireless Control Data Link Control (or “LLC”) Medium Access Control Multiplexed user data Radio Transport Convergence Layer Radio PHY Radio Physical Medium Dependent Layer Radio Signal Network Architecture: “+M” Protocol Stacks Optional Signaling, etc. + mobility ext Application Data Control Plane User Plane ATM Adaptation Layers ATM Network Layer Radio link control Control Flow SIG VC n VC# 1 2 .. Wireless Control Data Link Control (or “LLC”) Radio Access Layers Medium Access Control Multiplexed user data Radio Transport Convergence Layer Radio PHY Radio Physical Medium Dependent Layer Radio Signal Wireless ATM Protocol Stack Wireless IP Protocol Stack

  8. Technology Components: Mobile Network/Protocols • As discussed, broadband mobile networks will require integrated mobility support as a “first-class” service • no distinction between mobile & fixed users (unified address space) • terminal movement supported by core routing/switching protocols • Above objectives recognized by groups working on core network protocols: • mobile IP as standard service within IPv6 (..completed) • mobile ATM as optional extensions to UNI/NNI (..complete in ‘99) • Further work needed on • IP/ATM integration with mobility • mobility extensions for new IP features such as mcast, QoS

  9. Technology Components: Mobility Support in IP • Mobile IP provides protocol extensions for rerouting data to a mobile user, but does not support dynamic handoff • Functions include: packet forwarding, route re-optimization Mobile IP provides mapping from A->current IP addr Packet with IP addr=A IP Addr A (permanent) Mob IP Router Home Agent Route of Packets before move IP Network Terminal Movement Mobile IP Access Network Fwd path for in-transit packets Location update initiates rerouting after radio handoff Route of Packets after move Temporary IP addr: B Foreign Agent Additional RSVP+M extensions under consideration for QoS & handoff

  10. Technology Components: Mobility Support in ATM • “M” UNI/NNI protocol extensions provide integrated & efficient support for mobility within ATM access network • Functions include: location mgmt, handoff control, mobile QoS/routing Location Mgmt provides mapping of A-> AL1, AL2 Connect (ATM Addr A) User Addr A (permanent) Crossover switch HO (BS1->BS2) Connection Before Handoff Initial Location AL1 ATM Network Terminal Movement Mobile ATM Access Network BS1 Handoff supports Dynamic rerouting Of active connections BS2 Rerouted Connection After handoff User Addr A Next Location AL2

  11. Technology Components: Mobile ATM Protocols • Location management can be integrated into existing ATM connection procedures.... (external servers can also be used) • simple extensions to current CONNECT, RELEASE IE’s, etc. • no need for a-priori partitioning of mobile & static address space ATM Host (4) (3) setup release (foreign_addr, (foreign_addr) home_addr) (2) setup (home_addr) (1) update Current Home Foreign switch switch move

  12. Technology Components: Mobile ATM Protocols • Handoff can be implemented via modest extensions to existing ATM UNI/NNI signaling... • new signaling messages/IE’s for handoff initiation, COS select, etc. • provides high-performance, scalable solution (compared with external MSC, BSC, etc.) Crossover tear down ATM Switch (COS) subpath Host add subpath COS select (1) handoff handoff confirm request move

  13. System Issues: Legacy Radio Service Integration • Network part of broadband wireless system can be used as a generic infrastructure for various current & future radio access technologies --> platform for IMT2000/UMTS migration • Generic +M protocols supported by network routers/switches • Interworking function at AP converts to/from radio protocol AP IP/WLAN TERMINAL Wdata pkts SWITCH/ROUTER + Mobility Ext Wireless data air interface Generic “+M” Protocol To Internet or Cellular/PCS Network Gateways Cellular/PCS Air Interface

  14. System Issues: Legacy Radio Service Integration • For mobile ATM infrastructure, a “proxy M-UNI” can be used at the AP for interworking with a non-WATM radio protocol... • GSM (or other cellular access protocol) converted to M-UNI at AP • Mobile ATM provides handoff and location mgmt to GSM user M UNI GSM GSM GSM GSM radio link GSM radio link Proxy M UNI M NNI GSM M NNI GSM/ATM gateway GSM radio air interface Terminal Movement HLR/VLR Mobile ATM Access Network Proxy migration M NNI GSM Network GSM GSM GSM radio link GSM radio link Proxy M UNI Handoff & loc mgmt within mobile ATM cloud provided By “M” UNI/NNI

  15. System Issues: Mobile (IP+ATM) solutions(1) IP-over-mATM • ATM connection appears as a link-layer “tunnel” to IP • Mobile ATM transparently supports terminal migration (mobile IP not needed for local mobility) IP M UNI IP radio link IP M NNI IP M UNI IP/ATM gateway Terminal Movement Mobile ATM Access Network IP/mATM link rerouted by mobile ATM Internet M NNI IP M UNI IP radio link

  16. System Issues: Mobile (IP+ATM) solutions - (2) IP Switching-over-WATM • (Mobile) IP protocol run directly on ATM/WATM hardware • Each WATM component operates as L3 IP router with addl. cut-through switching capability (e.g. Ipsofacto) • Support for IP multicasting & QoS IP Including Mobile IP Ipso- facto IP Ipso- facto Ipso- facto IP IP WATM radio Ipso- facto IP ATM PHY WATM radio Ipsofacto gateway Terminal Movement Ipsofacto/WATM Access Network IP/Ipsofacto/ WATM link Rerouted by Mobile IP Internet IP IP Ipso- facto Ipso- facto IP Ipso- facto WATM radio ATM PHY WATM radio

  17. System Issues: Mobile (IP+ATM) Solutions -(3) IP-over-WATM radio • WATM AP can provide packet interface with IP routing • Link level MAC & QoS services provided by WATM radio • Conventional IP routed backbone network Including Mobile IP IP IP WATM radio IP IP WATM radio Terminal Movement WATM AP Rerouted by Mobile IP IP Internet IP IP WATM radio WATM radio

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