Mainstreaming Conflict Prevention into UNDP Policies and Programs

1. Mainstreaming Conflict Prevention into UNDP Policies and Programs JPO Workshop November 2007 Bangkok

2. Session Objective • To introduce the Conflict-related Development Analysis (CDA) as a tool for conflict prevention mainstreaming;

3. CRISIS PREVENTION & RECOVERY Disasters Violent conflict

4. The Concept of “CPR Mainstreaming” CPR mainstreaming is… The process of assessing the implications for UNDP of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels, through a crisis lens. A strategy for making CPR issues and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in the political, economic social and security spheres, so that the risks of emerging or relapsing crisis are minimized.

5. Principles for mainstreaming CPR into UNDP • Issues across all areas of activity should be defined in such a manner that the causes of crisis can be diagnosed – the assumption that development interventions are automatically crisis sensitive should not be made; • Responsibility for translating crisis prevention into practice is system-wide and rests at the highest levels. Accountability for outcomes needs to be monitored constantly; • CPR mainstreaming also requires that every effort be made to broaden the awareness of the importance of CPR, at all levels of decision-making;

6. Principles for mainstreaming CPR into UNDP • CPR must be institutionalized through concrete steps, mechanisms and processes in all parts of UNDP and partners; • CPR mainstreaming does not replace the need for targeted CPR policies and programmes, nor does it substitute for specific CPR units or focal points; • Clear political will and the allocation of adequate and, if need be, additional human and financial resources for CPR mainstreaming from all available funding sources are important for the successful translation of the concept into practice.

7. Conflict Prevention in the UN/UNDP • Need for a comprehensive approach encompassing “short-term and long-term political, diplomatic, humanitarian, human rights, developmental, institutional and other measures” to address prevention; • Development work should be viewed through a conflict prevention lens (“untapped potential”). Long-term prevention addressing the structural sources of conflict is a key focus of this work. Brahimi report (00); SG Report on the prevention of armed conflict (01); UNDP Executive Board Paper on CPC (01); GA Resolution on the prevention of armed conflict (03); RR Global Meeting Conclusions (03), RR Cluster Meetings for Africa (04), etc

8. Further Rationale for Conflict Prevention • Of the 34 countries that are furthest away from achieving the MDGs, 22 are affected by current or recent conflict. • Prevention of recurrence of violent conflict in post-conflict situations: countries emerging from violent conflict are prone to relapse, depending whether root-causes are effectively addressed.

9. Violent conflict erodes development gains Development may help prevent violent conflict Development may inadvertently contribute to violent conflict Prevention of violent conflict Conflict vs. violent conflict Prevention before, during and after conflict

10. Conflict Prevention is… • An approach (not necessarily a separate activity); • A way to think differently about the work we do (e.g. governance, poverty, environment, CPR), as compared to doing something different; • Additional lens to inform decisions at the strategic and program levels (while raising the issue of: efficiency vs. effectiveness)

11. Conflict Prevention helps understand… • How development can help mitigate against violent conflict (potential/recurrence), by addressing the root-causes of violent conflict and supporting capacities for peace (strategic); • How development interventions, without a conflict prevention lens, may inadvertently exacerbate or reinforce tensions: e.g. through supporting corruption, increasing competition for resources, creating parallel structures undermining existing ones or helping to perpetuate structures of dominance, etc (programming).

12. Conflict-related Development Analysis (CDA)

13. Conflict analysis: a primary tool to integrate a conflict prevention lens into development planning frameworks and programming Conflict-related Development Analysis (CDA)

14. Key Learning Pilot Phase • Not a one-off exercise, a long-term process aimed at integrating conflict prevention into existing mechanisms, procedures and planning tools. • Capacity development targeting UNDP and partner organisations (government, civil society, other UN agencies and donor organisations). • Emphasis on shared analysisand response through participatory approaches • Reflecting UNDP’s specific needs and constraints inherent to its mandate (e.g. relation to governments). • User-friendly and practical tool that is accessible to ‘non-experts’.

15. Key Characteristics • To shift the attention away from agency mandate and specific programmatic areas and to focus on an understanding of the situation in a specific context. • To help UNDP, other UN agencies, and local counterparts to better understand conflict dynamics, and design conflict sensitive strategies and programming that are informed by such analysis.

16. CDA Framework and Approach • Analysis of Conflict • Survey of Causes • Actor Analysis • Capacities for Peace Analysis • Dynamics/ Scenarios • Analysis of • Ongoing Responses • Mapping of current responses • Development and conflict: working in/on/around conflict • Development and formal peace processes • Identification of • Ways Forward • Strategic conclusions • Implications for policy, programming, and advocacy strategies

17. History Economic Social Political Geography Background Situation

18. Security Political Economic Social International Regional National Sub-national Local Matrix of Conflict Causes

19. Actors/ Capacities for peace Stated Interest Hidden agenda Connects with/ Contradicts with Resources they have Resources they need Local Sub-national National Regional International Actor & Capacity for Peace Analysis

20. Conflict Dynamics and Conflict Scenarios Dynamically working with the causes of conflict and actors / capacities for peace, to identify inter-relationships and entry-points for influence