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Endocrine System. Section F Module 4. Definition. What is your chemical system? Glands and Organs are the two major systems for sending signals to the body’s muscles
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Endocrine System Section F Module 4
Definition • What is your chemical system? • Glands and Organs are the two major systems for sending signals to the body’s muscles • Endocrine system is made up of numerous glands that are located through out the body and secrete various chemicals called hormones, which affect organs, muscles, and other glands in the body
Control Center • Hypothalamus– lower middle part of the brain, controls much of the endocrine system by regulating the pituitary gland, which is located directly below and outside the brain • Often called the control center of the endocrine system
Other Glands • Pituitary gland—key component of the endocrine system, hangs directly below the hypothalamus, and is connected by narrow stalk (divided into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections) • Posterior Pituitary—rear portion of the pituitary and regulates water and salt balance (Dysfunction—less common form of diabetes) • Anterior pituitary—Front part of the pituitary regulates growth through secretion of growth hormone and produces hormones that control the adrenal cortex, pancreas, thyroid, and gonads (dysfunction– too little growth hormones leads to dwarfism, too much cases gigantism)
Other Glands • Pancreas– regulates the level of sugar in the bloodstream by secreting insulin (dysfunction– lack of insulin leads to more common diabetes, over production leads to low blood sugar) • Thyroid– regulates metabolism through secretion of hormones (deficiency during development leads to stunted growth, under secretion during adulthood leads to reduction in motivation, oversecreation result in high metabolism)
Other Glands • Adrenal Glands– hormones that regulate sugar and salt balances– body resist stress, pubic hair growth, adrenal medulla secretes two hormones that arouse the body to deal with stress and emergencies: epinephrine (adrenaline) and nor epinephrine (noradrenalin)—dysfunction—unable to cope with stress
Other Glands • Gonads– females the ovaries produce hormones that regulate sexual development, ovulation, and growth of sex organs– males the testes produce hormones that regulate sexual development, production of sperm, and growth of sex organs • Dysfunction– lack of sex hormones results in lack of secondary sexual characteristics (facial and body hair, muscles in men, breasts in females)
