DMS 546/446 INTERFACE DESIGN

1. MEMORY PERCEPTION COGNITION Lecture based on Ch. 2 of User-Centered Website Development (McCracken and Wolfe)‏ DMS 546/446INTERFACE DESIGN

2. TOPICS: human sense, perception, memory mental models, metaphor, perceived affordance design guidelines based on the above

3. Constructivist theory of perception: 1. We don't remember all the information in a scene – just what is important to us. Q: How many doors are there on the front of this building?

4. Constructivist theory of perception: 2. Context plays a major role in what people see in an image

5. Top Ace

6. Constructivist theory of perception: 3. figure/ground

8. Constructivist -> Gestalt psychology

9. Proximity Similarity Symmetry Continuity Closure

10. Proximity: people tend to perceive any closely clustered objects as a group Similarity: grouping by like kind or like type Symmetry: the whole figure is perceived rather than the parts Continuity: groupings created by flow of lines or alignment Closure: mentally completing a shape

11. MEMORY: hierarchy: sensory store, short-term, long term “chunking” advantage of relying on recognition vs recall memory aids

12. Q: What was on the last slide?

13. Hierarchical Model of Memory a model to explain memory sensory memory sensory input comes in but most is ignored or filtered out short term memory limited data held for 30 seconds to two minutes “The Magic Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two” - Miller, 1956 long-term memory great deal of effort to transfer from short term to long term

14. Chunking Miller discusses the data we can hold in short term memory in terms of chunks Chunks can be individual digits... 645-4920

15. Chunking Chunks can be words or syllables... thanksforthememories.com thanks for the memories (dot) com

16. Search Autos Finance Weather Nightlife Games Music Movies Sports Inbox Friend Requests Upload Video Edit Profile

17. Search Autos Finance Weather Nightlife Games Music Movies Sports Inbox Friend Requests Upload Video Edit Profile

18. Recognition vs Recall It is usually easier to read a foreign language than to speak it. ...you can recognize words that you may not be able to recall when you want to use them in conversation.

19. Recognition vs Recall Multiple choice is easier than essay ...you can recognize the right answer even if you can't recall it

20. > > >cd lecture_4 >ls -l

22. Memory aids – managing interruptions knowledge in the world (external)‏ give people cues or memory aids for resuming interrupted tasks... blinking cursor color of links showing visited and unvisited pages

23. Memory aids – managing interruptions response time user reaction less than 0.1 second perceived as instantaneous less than 1.0 second noticed delay but no break in thought stream more than 10 seconds user switches to new task (Miller 1986)‏

24. Mental Models What will happen if I adjust the thermostat?

25. Metaphors Leveraging existing mental models - using Word is like typing? - using the mp3 player is like using the CD player? - using video conferencing is like using the phone?

26. Perceived Affordances affordances = the functions or services an interface provides perceived affordances = affordances that are visible or comprehensible to the user

27. Perceived Affordances ...how do we know which light switches control which lights?

28. SOME DESIGN IMPLICATIONS Reduce memory burden rely on recognition over recall chunk information require as little short-term memory as possible Consider the user's mental models Use visual cues or memory aids to manage interruptions Provide feedback