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Norimberský a Tokijský tribunál

Norimberský a Tokijský tribunál. "That four great nations, flushed with victory and stung with injury, stay the hand of vengeance and voluntarily submit their captive enemies to the judgment of the law is one of the most significant tributes that Power has ever paid to Reason.” Robert Jackson.

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Norimberský a Tokijský tribunál

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  1. Norimberský a Tokijský tribunál "That four great nations, flushed with victory and stung with injury, stay the hand of vengeance and voluntarily submit their captive enemies to the judgment of the law is one of the most significant tributes that Power has ever paid to Reason.” Robert Jackson Válečné zločiny a jejich stíhání, Ľ.Majerčík

  2. vývoj událostí • dva tábory: • Henry. Stimson + Harry Truman vs. Henry Morgenthau + Franklin D. Roosevelt 16. září 1944 - Morgenthaův plán 8. srpna 1945 – Londýnská konference 20. listopadu 1945 – 1. října 1945 IMT 9. prosince 1946 – 13. dubna 1949 NMTs

  3. aplikované právo • Londýnská charta • za co? • a) zločiny proti míru • b) válečné zločiny • c) zločiny proti lidskosti • koho? kdy? na jakém uzemí? • „k spravedlivému a rychlému trestnímu řízení s hlavními válečnými zločinci evropské Osy“

  4. obžalovaní + výsledek • 24 obžalovaných • trest smrti - 10 + Borman + Goring • doživotí – 3 • trest odnětí svobody – 4 • zproštění - 3

  5. Obžalovaní • Hermann Goring • „Vítěz je vždy soudcem, poražený obžalovaým“. • Hans Frank „Nikomu netvrďte, že jste nic netušili. Každý věděl, že se děje něco strašného.“ • Rudolf Hess „Je nepochopitelné, jak se mohly všechny tyto věci seběhnout. Každý génius má v sobě démona.“

  6. Kritika • spravedlnost vítězů • definice skutkových podstat • retroaktivita • tu quoque • spravedlivý proces

  7. Vliv Norimberské principy Principle I Any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible therefore and liable to punishment. Principle II The fact that internal law does not impose a penalty for an act which constitutes a crime under international law does not relieve the person who committed the act from responsibility under international law. Principle III The fact that a person who committed an act which constitutes a crime under international law acted as Head of State or responsible government official does not relieve him from responsibility under international law. Principle IV The fact that a person acted pursuant to order of his Government or of a superior does not relieve him from responsibility under international law, provided a moral choice was in fact possible to him. Principle V Any person charged with a crime under international law has the right to a fair trial on the facts and law.

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