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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. Renaissance: AD 1350-1600. I. New Values Shaped the Renaissance A. Love of classical learning Greek statue: Hermes and Dionysus c. 340BCE. New Values. Classic al Learning: Greeks and Romans B. Celebration of the individual C. Bringing out man’s divinity;

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance

  2. Renaissance: AD 1350-1600 I. New Values Shaped the Renaissance A. Love of classical learning • Greek statue: • Hermes and Dionysus c. 340BCE

  3. New Values • Classic al Learning: Greeks and Romans B. Celebration of the individual C. Bringing out man’s divinity; D. _______________________ E. _______________________

  4. D. More interest in the natural world E. Enjoyment of worldly and secular pleasures humor good food entertainment

  5. What was humanism?? • Scholarly study of Latin and Greek classics • Learning/education for all (ideally) • “Studiahumanitatis” 1st humanists were orators and poets • Used vernacular and classical languages • Went directly to original sources…classical and biblical (i.e. __________ sources) • A variety of knowledge is the ideal

  6. Left: By Donatello (bronze first full scale nude since Ancient Roman era) 1409 Right: by Michelangelo 1504

  7. Florence’s “Il Duomo” on the Santa Maria Del Fiore

  8. Palazzo Vecchio

  9. Views Designed to Highlight City Government

  10. Ferrara, Italy

  11. Lucca • Originally Etruscan

  12. - PalmanovaBuilt late 1500s

  13. Dome for St. Peter’s Basilica As designed by Michelangelo, the drum was completed by his death in 1564, but the dome on top was slightly redesigned by Giacomo della Porta afterwards.

  14. II. Renaissance began in Northern Italy A. The Black Death further damaged feudal ties B. Towns became cities • Genoa, Venice and Florence – 100,000 each • Pisa, Mantua, Milan C. Banking, textiles and trade encouraged independence D. Byzantine scholarship enters its ports Greek and Arab learning

  15. intellectual activity economic growth artistic creativity Centers of trade and interaction spur…

  16. C. The Lombard League had Established Town Power C. Defeat of Holy Roman Empire at Battle of Legnano (1176) - illustrated new cities’ growing independence

  17. D. Merchants depended on their wits, not feudal ties • Wealthy merchants sought beautiful things • They competed over sponsoring artists • Medici’s of Florence find Ghiberti, Michelangelo • Cosimo il Vecchio1389-1464Lorenzo 1449-92

  18. 1. The MediciFamily • Cosimo…1389-1434 • astute statesman • controlled city behind the scenes • Lorenzo the magnificent • ruled 1478-1492 • cautious and determined • great patron of the arts • “ Whoever wants to be happy, let him be so: about tomorrow there's no knowing.”                    —Lorenzo The Magnificent

  19. III. Early writers and artists Break through artistic barriers • Giotto diBondone paints more lifelike figures in Padua • New expressions • And more colors

  20. Giotto’s “Mourning of Christ” 1305

  21. “The Adoration of the Magi” by Giotto

  22. Giotto’s epitaph - 1337 “I am he through whose merit the lost art of painting was revived…But what need is there for words? I am Giotto, and my name alone tells more than a lengthy ode.”

  23. III. Early important writers B. Dante writes the Divine Comedy about a journey into afterlife Virgil Beatrice C. Petrarch writes poetry D. Castiglione writes of the well-rounded man

  24. Individually, then in groups … Read over documents Circle evidence of new renaissance values Compare and discuss your evidence

  25. IV. Upper class women get more education, but have less power overall than in High Middle Ages • Women are revered by Dante (Beatrice), Petrarch (Laura), and other artists • Ideals of feminine beauty • They have less economic and political power. • Exceptions existed however.. • Isabella d’Este of Mantua, Italy • Caterina Sforza of Milan, Italy • In Spain, Queen Isabella of Castile

  26. V. Florence leads in the arts • Filippo Brunelleschi (1337–1446) is widely considered the first Renaissance architect. • Santa Maria del Fiore, called the Duomo • Lorenzo Ghiberti made doors of bronze

  27. “Gates of Paradise” • 17 ft tall!! • (Requested 1401 by wood manufacturer’s guild – first pair - 1422 • second pair - 1452) • Lost wax casting • Can you tell what the pictures depict?

  28. The “Gates” on the Baptistry • “Battisterodi San Giovanni” • Built 1059-1128

  29. Close-up of the “Gates of Paradise”

  30. Masaccio 1401-1428father of perspective

  31. Massaccio perfects Perspective • 1420s • On foundation of Giotto’s work on creating roundness and depth… • Discovers vanishing point… • Parallel lines come together in the distance

  32. 1426

  33. New technique: foreshortening • Paolo Ucello

  34. Leonardo…self portrait

  35. Leonardo da Vinci 1452- 15 • Inventor: • Making metal screws • Experimenter/scientist • Hydraulics, bicycle, flippers • Designer: • Planes, submarines • Drawer and Painter • Mona Lisa • The Last Supper

  36. a man of many talents…Leonardo’s notebooks…

  37. Da Vinci: Mona Lisa (1503-5)38

  38. Da Vinci: The Last Supper(1490) One of these men is Judas…

  39. A Modern Reproduction…

  40. Who was Niccolo Machiavelli?1469-1527

  41. Machiavelli’s POLITICS • Outraged by Lorenzo Medici’s successor • Spanish and French attack Italian city-states • For Pope Julius’ aggression • The Prince (1513) • The LION and the FOX

  42. “…for the lion cannot protect himself from the traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. One must therefore be a fox to recognize traps, and a lion to fight wolves.”

  43. Aggressive Pope Julius II Remakes Rome • Aggressive foreign policy • Builds up Rome • Courted, bullied artists into coming to Rome • Michelangelo and Raphael • 1508 Michelangelo begins the Sistine Chapel; Finishes 1512 • Raphael paints the Library Portrait by Raphael

  44. Done earlier for the Pope, byMichelangelo: Pieta(1498-99) Video: Carving the Pieta

  45. Michelangelo: The Sistine Chapel( c.1508-1512)

  46. The Creation of Man Link to Sistine Chapel Trailer: The Agony and Ecstasy

  47. Michelangelo: The Last Judgment( c.1534-41)Sistine ChapelControversy

  48. A Close up…

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