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Patterns and Conventions for Defining OBOE -Compatible Ontologies

Patterns and Conventions for Defining OBOE -Compatible Ontologies. …. Based on OBOE 1.0, June, 2010. Table of Contents. Basic OBOE structure Basic Conventions Entities and Characteristics Measurement standards and units Measurement types Context relationships More patterns Imports.

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Patterns and Conventions for Defining OBOE -Compatible Ontologies

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  1. Patterns and Conventions for DefiningOBOE-CompatibleOntologies … Based on OBOE 1.0, June, 2010

  2. Table of Contents Basic OBOE structure Basic Conventions Entities and Characteristics Measurement standards and units Measurement types Context relationships More patterns Imports

  3. 1. Basic OBOE structure (oboe-core) Note: Add ObservationCollection contextFor hasContext * observedBy ofEntity * Observation Entity 1..1 * 1..1 measurementFor 1..1 hasValue hasMeasurement valueFor * Measurement * measuredBy ofCharacteristic + hasPrecision : decimal + hasMethod : anyType Characteristic * 1..1 protocolFor * standardFor * usesStandard usesProtocol 1..1 1..1 Protocol Standard

  4. 1. OBOE Basic Structure (oboe-core) State the basics here …

  5. 2. Basic Conventions Conventions used by core oboe ontologies (suggested for compatible ontologies) • Class names are capitalized (e.g., Plant, Height) • Terms in names are capitalized (e.g., CarbonContent) • Classes have comments (using rdfs:comment) • Ontologies have a single rdfs:label (e.g., “oboe-units”) • Ontologies have a comment (using rdfs:comment)

  6. 2. Basic Conventions When naming entities, characteristics, and standards it is suggested they make sense in the following sentences … • The <characteristic> of an <entity> was recorded using the <standard> and the <protocol> • The <entity> was recorded <characteristic> the <entity> • For example: …

  7. 3. Entities and Characteristics Entities represent distinct physical or conceptual objects • Examples include trees, plants, air, water, soil • Entities are organized into entity classes • A class denotes a set of entities (that conform to the class) Each observation has … • An observed entity Together with zero or more … • Measurements of the entity; and • Contexts represented through other observations

  8. 3. Entities and Characteristics Characteristics represent properties of entities • Examples include height, mass, speed, volume, etc. • Characteristics are also organized into classes • A characteristic is a particular occurrence of the property • For instance, a particular occurrence of the height characteristic (tied to some entity) • Each characteristic of an entity has a value A measurement asserts a value for a characteristic • A recorded value of the characteristic for the observed entity

  9. 3. Entities and Characteristics Entities vs. characteristics • Characteristics are dependent on entities … • They must be combined with an entity (the object possessing the characteristic) • They always have a value Depending on the type of characteristic … • The value can be of a primitive (like a string or numeric value) • Or another entity (e.g., tree1 nextTo tree2, hawk1 ate vole1)

  10. 3. Entities and Characteristics Special types of entities • Primitive values are reserved for denoting basic values • Currently strings, decimals (numeric values), and Booleans

  11. 3. Entities and Characteristics Types of characteristics PhysicalCharacteristic • Any characteristic that is “physically” manifested Qualifier • A term used to modify the meaning of a physical characteristic, without changing its measurement standard • Examples include aggregates such as average, minimum, etc. Name • The globally or locally unique name assigned to the entity • For example, Plot “A”, Tree id “555”, Site “1” Type • A characteristic asserting the entity class the entity is a member of

  12. 4. Measurement standards and units Measurement standards • Represent nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales • Units are a special type of standard (ratio scales) • Indexes are another special type of standard (e.g., pH)

  13. 4. Measurement standards and units Units are divided into three subclasses BaseUnit • Fundamental units, that is, not composed of other units (through products of powers of other units) • The 7 SI fundamental units are examples of base units DerivedUnit • A base unit raised to a power CompositeUnit • The product of 2 or more base or derived units

  14. 4. Measurement standards and units MeasurementStandard Unit BaseUnit 1..1 hasUnit * DerivedUnit + hasPower = int U hasUnit CompositeUnit * Units are divided into three subclasses

  15. 4. Measurement standards and units MeasurementStandard Measurement Characteristic standardFor ► ofCharacteristic ► Unit For example (in Manchester OWL syntax): Meter subClassOfBaseUnit and standardForonly (Measurement andofCharacteristiconly Length) BaseUnit hasUnit 1..1 * DerivedUnit + hasPower = int U hasUnit CompositeUnit * Standards (including units) typically restrict the characteristics of measurements

  16. 4. Measurement standards and units The oboe-units ontology • Defines many common units and characteristics • Drawn from LTER unit database (among other sources) • Also includes some indexes • Includes tricky examples such as Acre • Defines unit conversions (via the UnitConversion class) • Source unit to target unit • With offset and multiplier values

  17. 5. Measurement types A measurement type … …

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