ClassiFying CLimate

1. Weather You Knew or Not! ClassiFyingCLimate

2. Minute by minute Local scale Variable Determines dress code Weather

3. Average weather conditions Determined by long-term pattern of temperature and precipitation averages and extremes at a location Can refer to local, regional, or global areas Can be described in decades, years, seasons, months, or specific dates of the year Climate

4. Equatorial (A) Arid (B) Warm Temperate (C) Snow (D) Polar (E) Climate classification

7. 3 Basic Climate Groups: Group 1: Low-latitude climates • Tropical Moist Climates (Af) rainforest • Controlled by equatorial topical air masses • Average temperature: 18 °C (°F) • Annual Precipitation: 262 cm. (103 in.) • Latitude Range: 10° S to 25 ° N • Global Position: Amazon Basin; Congo Basin of equatorial Africa; East Indies, from Sumatra to New Guinea.

8. 3 Basic Climate Groups: Group 1: Low-latitude climates • Wet-Dry Tropical Climates (Aw) Savanna • Temperature Range: 16°C • Annual Precipitation: summer wet (3 months), winter dry, usually less than 300 mm per year • Latitude Range: 15° to 25° N and S • Global Range: India, Indochina, West Africa, southern Africa, South America and the north coast of Australia .

9. 3 Basic Climate Groups: Group 1: Low-latitude climates • Dry Tropical Climate (Bw) desert biome • Temperature Range: 16° C • Annual Precipitation: 0.25 cm (0.1 in). All months less than 0.25 cm (0.1 in). • Latitude Range: 15°- 25° N and S. • Global Range: southwestern United States and northern Mexico; Argentina; north Africa; south Africa; central part of Australia.

10. 3 Basic Climate Groups: Group 2: MID-latitude climates Dry Midlatitude Climates (BS) steppe • Temperature Range: 24° C (43° F). • Annual Precipitation: less than 10 cm (4 in) in the driest regions to 50 cm (20 in) in the moister steppes. • Latitude Range: 35° - 55° N. • Global Range: Western North America (Great Basin, Columbia Plateau, Great Plains); Eurasian interior, from steppes of eastern Europe to the Gobi Desert and North China.

11. 3 Basic Climate Groups: Group 2: MID-latitude climates Mediterranean Climate (Cs) chaparral biome • Temperature Range: 7 °C (12 °F) • Annual Precipitation: 42 cm (17 in). • Latitude Range: 30° - 50° N and S • Global Position: central and southern California; coastal zones bordering the Mediterranean Sea; coastal Western Australia and South Australia; Chilean coast; Cape Town region of South Africa

12. 3 Basic Climate Groups: Group 2: MID-latitude climates Dry Midlatitude Climates (Bs) grasslands biome • Temperature Range: 31 °C (56°F). • Annual Precipitation: 81 cm. (32 in.). • Latitude Range: 30°- 55° N and S • Global Position: western North America (Great Basin, Columbia Plateau, Great Plains); Eurasian interior.

13. 3 Basic Climate Groups: Group 2: MID-latitude climates Moist Continental Climate (Cf) Deciduous Forest biome • Temperature Range: 31 °C (56 ° F) • Average Annual Precipitation: 81 cm (32 in). • Latitude Range: 30° - 55° N and S (Europe: 45° - 60° N). • Global Position: eastern parts of the United States and southern Canada; northern China; Korea; Japan; central and eastern Europe.

14. 3 Basic Climate Groups: Group 3: high-latitude climates Boreal forest Climate ( Dfc) taiga biome • Temperature Range: 41 °C (74 °F), lows; -25 °C (-14 °F), highs; 16 °C (60 °F). • Average Annual Precipitation: 31 cm (12 in). • Latitude Range: 50° - 70° N and S. • Global Position: central and western Alaska; Canada, from the Yukon Territory to Labrador; Eurasia, from northern Europe across all of Siberia to the Pacific Ocean.

15. 3 Basic Climate Groups: Group 3: high-latitude climates Tundra Climate (E) tundra biome • Temperature Range: -22 °C to 6 °C (-10 °F to 41 °F). • Average Annual Precipitation: 20 cm (8 in). • Latitude Range: 60° - 75° N. • Global Position: arctic zone of North America; Hudson Bay region; Greenland coast; northern Siberia bordering the Arctic Ocean.

16. 3 Basic Climate Groups: Group 3: high-latitude climates Highland Climate (H) Alpine Biome • Temperature Range: -18 °C to 10 °C (-2 °F to 50°F) • Average Annual Precipitation: 23 cm (9 in.) • Latitude Range: found all over the world • Global Position: Rocky Mountain Range in North America, the Andean mountain range in South America, the Alps in Europe, Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa, the Himalayans in Tibet, Mt. Fuji in Japan.

17. Activity 1: Climate Classification Categories

18. Activity 1: Climate Classification Categories – setting the scene Classify each city in Table 1 into one of the 5 major climate types. Use the World Map as reference. Compare the choices and reasoning for the whole class. A – Equatorial B – Arid C – Warm Temperate D – Snow E – Polar

19. Activity 1: Climate Classification Categories How to determine the major climate type using the Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Calculate the annual temperature (Tann) by adding up the monthly mean temperature values and dividing by 12 (the number of months in a year). Record the coldest month’s temperature (Tmin) and the warmest month’s temperature (Tmax) Add up the monthly mean precipitation values to find the accumulated annual precipitation (Pann). Determinewhen precipitation falls and calculate the Precipitation Threshold (Pth).

20. Activity 1: Climate Classification Categories How to determine the major climate type using the Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Using Part 1 of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification key determine the major climate classification – Equatorial (A), Arid (B), Warm Temperate (C), Snow (D) or Polar (E). New Delhi’s Main climate type is:

21. Activity 1: Climate Classification Categories How to determine the Sub climate classification In the Arid (B) section determine the 2nd sub-category (based on precipitation) and the 3rd sub-category (based on temperature). New Delhi’s first sub-climate classification is: STEPPE (S) Second sub-climate classification is: HOT (h) Köppen-Geiger Classification is: BSh

22. Activity 1: Climate Classification Categories How to determine the Sub climate classification

23. Activity 1: Climate Classification Categories How to determine the Sub climate classification Calculate the annual temperature [Tann] from Table 2 or the climograph in Figure 2 by adding up the monthly mean temperatures and dividing by 12 (the number of months in a year). Record this value in Table 2A. Record the coldest month’s temperature (Tmin) and the warmest month’s temperature (Tmax) in Table 2A. Add the monthly precipitation data to determine the accumulated annual precipitation (Pann). Using either Table 1 or the climograph in Figure 2as well as the formulas below, determine when precipitation falls and calculate the Precipitation Threshold (Pth). Complete Table 2A. If precipitation is spread equally throughout the year, use the following formula: Pth = (Tann x 2) + 14 If 70% or more of the precipitation falls during the ‘low-sun (winter) half of the year (November through March in the Northern Hemisphere, or April through September in the Southern Hemisphere) use the following formula: Pth= Tann x 2 If 70% or more of the precipitation falls during the ‘high- sun’(summer half of the year (April through September in the Northern Hemisphere, or October through March in the Southern Hemisphere) use the following formula: Pth = (Tann x 2) + 28 Using Part 1 of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification key determine the major climate classification – Equatorial (A), Arid (B), Warm Temperate (C), Snow (D) or Polar (E). New Delhi’s Main climate type is:

24. Activity 2: practicing Climate Classification Skills Using the city data provided Produce a climograph of monthly mean air temperature and precipitation. Write a description of the climate of this location. Classify the climate of the location. Compare findings with the original prediction at the start of Activity 1. Use the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map.

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40. Appendix D: Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map andClassification Descriptions