1 / 60

Factors affecting Distribution of populations

Factors affecting Distribution of populations. Factors affecting the distribution of populations. Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions. . Factors affecting the distribution of populations.

tareq
Download Presentation

Factors affecting Distribution of populations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Factors affecting Distribution of populations

  2. Factors affecting the distribution of populations • Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions.

  3. Factors affecting the distribution of populations • Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions. - Think about your own tolerance to temperature. For 3 mins, ask your neighbour what you think you would do in -1 degrees, 22 degrees, 30 degrees, and 35+ degrees.

  4. Factors affecting the distribution of populations • Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions. Death / Lower limit of tolerance / Physiological Stress / Optimum / Physiologcial Stress /Upper limit of tolerance / Death

  5. Factors affecting the distribution of populations • Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions. Death / Lower limit of tolerance / Physiological Stress / Optimum / Physiologcial Stress /Upper limit of tolerance / Death • Acclimation: change in tolerance if change is slow.

  6. Factors affecting the distribution of populations • Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions. Death / Lower limit of tolerance / Physiological Stress / Optimum / Physiologcial Stress /Upper limit of tolerance / Death • Acclimation: change in tolerance if change is slow. Same as before, discuss with your neighbour this situation: You have two fish tanks with four fish in each. In one tank you add a tablespoon of salt every day. What would happen?

  7. Factors affecting the distribution of populations • Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions. Death / Lower limit of tolerance / Physiological Stress / Optimum / Physiologcial Stress /Upper limit of tolerance / Death • Acclimation: change in tolerance if change is slow. • Geographical barrier: Simple – the populations can’t get there.

  8. Factors affecting the distribution of populations • Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions. Death / Lower limit of tolerance / Physiological Stress / Optimum / Physiologcial Stress /Upper limit of tolerance / Death • Acclimation: change in tolerance if change is slow. • Geographical barrier: Simple – the populations can’t get there. Discuss some geographical barriers for populations.

  9. Factors affecting the distribution of populations • Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions. Death / Lower limit of tolerance / Physiological Stress / Optimum / Physiologcial Stress /Upper limit of tolerance / Death • Acclimation: change in tolerance if change is slow. • Geographical barrier: Simple – the populations can’t get there. • Leibig’s law: Whatever essential environmental factor is present in the least favourable amount.

  10. Factors affecting the distribution of populations • Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions. Death / Lower limit of tolerance / Physiological Stress / Optimum / Physiologcial Stress /Upper limit of tolerance / Death • Acclimation: change in tolerance if change is slow. • Geographical barrier: Simple – the populations can’t get there. • Leibig’s law: Whatever essential environmental factor is present in the least favourable amount. What could this mean?

  11. Factors affecting the distribution of populations • Tolerance: An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions. Death / Lower limit of tolerance / Physiological Stress / Optimum / Physiologcial Stress /Upper limit of tolerance / Death • Acclimation: change in tolerance if change is slow. • Geographical barrier: Simple – the populations can’t get there. • Leibig’s law: Whatever essential environmental factor is present in the least favourable amount. - Eg. Farms around here = cattle got ‘bush sickness’ because they were lacking an essential mineral – cobalt. Now they flourish.

  12. Controls on a population • Abiotic -

  13. Controls on a population • Abiotic – droughts, fire, flood, storms, pesticides etc.

  14. Controls on a population • Abiotic – droughts, fire, flood, storms, pesticides etc. Density-independent =

  15. Controls on a population • Abiotic – droughts, fire, flood, storms, pesticides etc. Density-independent = A fire will burn trees whether there are few or many. Density-dependent = space, water and substrate where the organism lives. Dependent because

  16. Controls on a population • Abiotic – droughts, fire, flood, storms, pesticides etc. Density-independent = A fire will burn trees whether there are few or many. Density-dependent = space, water and substrate where the organism lives. Dependent because if there is a limited amount of space, there will be a limited number of organisms.

  17. Controls on a population • Biotic -

  18. Controls on a population • Biotic – living influences. Members of same species, members of another species.

  19. Controls on a population • Biotic – living influences. Members of same species, members of another species. Density-dependent = hit harder when pop. numbers are high.

  20. Controls on a population • Biotic – living influences. Members of same species, members of another species. Density-dependent = hit harder when pop. numbers are high. EG?

  21. Regulating factors • What are some regulating facts on a population?

  22. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource:

  23. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment.

  24. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource.

  25. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition.

  26. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food:

  27. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity.

  28. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals!

  29. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals! • Lack of space:

  30. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals! • Lack of space: Crowding – plants don’t grow well.

  31. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals! • Lack of space: Crowding – plants don’t grow well. EG. Gannets – No space = no breeding that year.

  32. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals! • Lack of space: Crowding – plants don’t grow well. EG. Gannets – No space = no breeding that year. Not fully understood, but can cause stress syndrome – lack of hormones released when crowded and reproductive organs can shrink and become useless....

  33. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals! • Lack of space: Crowding – plants don’t grow well. EG. Gannets – No space = no breeding that year. • Territories:

  34. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals! • Lack of space: Crowding – plants don’t grow well. EG. Gannets – No space = no breeding that year. • Territories: Spreads population out.

  35. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals! • Lack of space: Crowding – plants don’t grow well. EG. Gannets – No space = no breeding that year. • Territories: Spreads population out. Strongest = best territory.

  36. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals! • Lack of space: Crowding – plants don’t grow well. EG. Gannets – No space = no breeding that year. • Territories: Spreads population out. Strongest = best territory. No territory = no mating.

  37. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals! • Lack of space: Crowding – plants don’t grow well. EG. Gannets – No space = no breeding that year. • Territories: Spreads population out. Strongest = best territory. No territory = no mating. Heirachies = pecking order – top gets best food, shelter and mates. Ensures best genes mate with best genes.

  38. Regulating factors • Competition with species for limited resource: same species = same requirements from environment. Survival of the fittest – best competitors for resource. This is INTRASPECIFIC competition. • Lack of food: limits re-productivity. EG. Flour beetles become cannibals! • Lack of space: Crowding – plants don’t grow well. EG. Gannets – No space = no breeding that year. • Territories: Spreads population out. Strongest = best territory. No territory = no mating. Heirachies = pecking order – top gets best food, shelter and mates. Ensures best genes mate with best genes.

  39. Regulating Factors • Self-poisoning:

  40. Regulating Factors • Self-poisoning: bacteria. Wastes accumulate and kill before the food runs out!

  41. Regulating Factors • Self-poisoning: bacteria. Wastes accumulate and kill before the food runs out! Interesting: Fungi produce penicillin which kills bacteria, but it also slows down the fungi’s growth rate.

  42. Regulating Factors • Self-poisoning: bacteria. Wastes accumulate and kill before the food runs out! Probably MORE interesting: yeast produce ethanol. However yeast will stop growing when the alcohol reaches 12% (wine). If CO2 is not allowed to escape, the yeasts are poisoned = homemade ginger beer is fizzy, but not very alcoholic.

  43. Regulating Factors • Self-poisoning: bacteria. Wastes accumulate and kill before the food runs out! • Disease:

  44. Regulating Factors • Self-poisoning: bacteria. Wastes accumulate and kill before the food runs out! • Disease: Closer animals are to eachother, easier it is for disease to spread.

  45. Regulating Factors • Self-poisoning: bacteria. Wastes accumulate and kill before the food runs out! • Disease: Closer animals are to eachother, easier it is for disease to spread. Also, high population = more potential for range of disease. (EG. Super bug / human population too big?)

  46. Regulating Factors • Self-poisoning: bacteria. Wastes accumulate and kill before the food runs out! • Disease: Closer animals are to eachother, easier it is for disease to spread. Also, high population = more potential for range of disease. • Parasitism:

  47. Regulating Factors • Self-poisoning: bacteria. Wastes accumulate and kill before the food runs out! • Disease: Closer animals are to eachother, easier it is for disease to spread. Also, high population = more potential for range of disease. • Parasitism: Live off host, but don’t kill them = keep numbers in check.

  48. Competition between dif. species • Usually results in

  49. Competition between dif. species • Usually results in one population getting less until it DIES!

  50. Competition between dif. species • Usually results in one population getting less until it DIES! • This is all to do with the Gauseprinciple (we did this a few lessons ago) • Predation:

More Related