Yellow dots mark the locus of a specific gene on a homologous pair of human chromosomes

1. Yellow dots mark the locus of a specific gene on a homologous pair of human chromosomes

3. The chromosomal basis for Mendel’s Laws

7. Sex-linked inheritance

8. Evidence for linked genes in Drosophila

9. Page 9 #3 P: EETTBB X eettbb F1 cross EeTtBb X EeTtBb F1p%: 100% Long ears, brown tails, and brown eyes F2p%: 56.25% Long, brown, brown 18.75% Long, brown, blue 18.75% short, cotton, brown 6.25% short, cotton, blue

10. Page 9 #4 P: EEttbb X eeTT BB F1 cross EeTtBb X EeTtBb F1p%: 100% Long ears, brown tails, and brown eyes F2p%: 18.75% Long, cotton, brown 37.5% Long, brown, brown 6.25% Long, cotton, blue 12.5% Long, brown, blue 18.75% short, brown, brown 6.25% short brown, blue

11. Production of recombinant gametes by a dihybrid female

13. page 10 #1 636 Gray body, normal wings 50 Gray body, vestigial wings 253 Black body, vestigial wings 61 black body, normal wings 75% 25% 63.6% 5.0% 6.1% 25.3% 56.25% 18.75% 18.75% 6.25% Yes, 11.1 map units

14. page 10 #2 364 Long ears, brown fur 6 Long ears, white fur 122 short ears, white fur 8 short ears, brown fur 72.8% 1.2% 1.6% 24.4% 56.25% 18.75% 18.75% 6.25% 75% 25% Yes, 2.8 map units

15. Page 11 #4 P BBNN X bbnn F1 cross BbNn X BbNn F1p%: 100% brown eyes, normal wings F2p%: 75%-6%= 69% Brown eyes, normal wings 4% Brown eyes, vestigial wings 4% Red eyes, normal wings 25%-2%= 23% Red eyes, vestigial wings .75 .25 x.08x.08 0.06 0.02

16. Page 11 #5 P llgg X LLGG F1 cross LlGg X LlGg F1p%: 100% Long proboscis, clear wings F2p%: 61.5% Long proboscis, clear wings 75%-13.5%= 9% Long proboscis, gray wings 9 % Short proboscis, clear wings 25%-4.5%= 20.5% Short proboscis, gray wings .75 .25 x.18x.18 0.135 0.045

17. Recombination frequencies can be used to construct a genetic map.

18. A partial genetic map of a Drosophila chromosome

23. Chromosomal systems of sex determination. In human males the SRY gene codes a protein that regulates genes that triggers the development of testes and many other maleness genes.

26. The transmission of sex-linked recessive traits Sex-linked traits in humans include red-green color blindness hemophilia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy

28. X inactivation and the tortoiseshell cat. The tortoiseshell gene is on the X chromosome and the phenotype requires the present of both alleles (one on each X chromosome) The XIST gene on one X chromosome is active and codes RNA which coats that X chromosome which initiates the methylation of that X and causes it to condense and form a Barr body

29. Meiotic nondisjunction

30. Nondisjunction results in aneuploidy XO-Turner Syndrome only human monosomy that survives no Barr bodies/cell XXY-Klinefelter Syndrome one Barr body/cell XYY – Super male greater chance of violence XXX & XXXX – Super female greater chance of violence 2 or 3 Barr bodies/cell Trisomy 21-Down syndrome-can also be caused by translocation of part of chromosome 21 cri du chat-deletion of part of chromosome 5 CML-translocation of part of 22 to the tip of 9

35. A tetraploid mammal??

39. Prader-Willi syndrome when inherited from male Angelman syndrome when inherited from female Genomic Imprinting is accomplished by methylation of genes to turn them off “silence them” or areas near them to turn them on. Male imprinting is designed to produce a larger, stronger, fetus and female imprinting is designed to produce a smaller fetus.

40. Genomic imprinting is an attempt by the male to produce larger, stronger offspring; the female imprints are an attempt to produce smaller less energy draining offspring fragile X syndrome-one section of the X hangs by a thin thread of noncoiled DNA which is composed of long sets of triplet repeats – CGG genomic imprinting by the mother is more likely to cause the syndrome

41. Variegated leaves caused by extranuclear genes that are inherited from the ovum. Where did all your mitochondria come from?