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Insights into the Protestant Reformation of 1521

Dive into the transformative events of the Protestant Reformation in 1521 through Woodcuts by Lucas Cranach. Explore key figures, beliefs, and upheavals that shaped this pivotal period in Western history.

tanya-oconnor
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Insights into the Protestant Reformation of 1521

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  1. Protestant Reformation

  2. Analyze these WoodcutsBoth by Lucas Cranach, 1521

  3. Problems with the Church Extravagant • Feared it was becoming too ______________ • People losing respect for _____________ • Church paying for elaborate Renaissance art • Who is really paying? • Pope Leo X needs money to build __________ • Will raise money by selling ____________ • Pardons issued by the Pope to ________ their time in Purgatory • People turning from Church and more to state - ______________ Clergy St. Peter’s Basilica Indulgences Lessen Nationalism

  4. Early Reformers • John Wycliffe – • church give up _______ __________ • Bible into __________ language • John Hus – burned at the stake for his beliefs against the church Earthly Possessions Common

  5. Protestant Reformation • Early reformers laid foundation • Protestant Reformation: __________________________________ • Most recognize _________ as the date for the beginning of the reformation Church back to its roots 1517

  6. Martin Luther • Thought the selling of __________ was sinful • Nailed ___________ to the door of the church • Intended just for church leaders • written in _________ _________ • Inspired discussion among _______________ • Because of the ________ _______ these were spread throughout Europe Indulgences 95 Theses Academic Latin University scholars Printing Press

  7. Luther’s Beliefs that got him in trouble • God’s grace can’t be earned by just ______ _______; needed __________ • The only head of the church is _________ • Not the __________ • People should be able to ________ scripture • Christian practices should come directly from the Bible • Translates Bible into __________ people other than clergy able to read scriptures Good Faith Works Christ Pope Interpret German

  8. Trouble • Luther is _______________ by Pope Leo X • To go before HRE Charles V and German assembly in the city of Worms • Refused to ______________ his beliefs • Charles V issues Edict of Worms- declares: • Luther an _____________ • Condemned his writings • Ideas spread, by 1530s _____________ was a recognized branch of Christianity Excommunicated Denounce outlaw Lutheranism

  9. Other Reformers • Zwingli – Similar to Luther, in Switzerland • Not supported by Luther • Wanted Theocracy – Church and State the same • Dies in battle against the Catholics • John Calvin – Predestination – God knows who will be saved before they are born • Can do nothing to change it • Born good or bad • People are born bad so must have strict laws to maintain order

  10. Other Reformers Cont. • John Knox – Scotland reformer • Presbyterians in the US • Anabaptists - broke away based on baptism beliefs • Baptized adults (crime at the time) • Mennonites and Amish are examples

  11. Henry VIII of England “Defender of the Faith” *Wants marriage to Catherine Annulled *Catherine and nephew (HRE) Charles V don’t *Pope Refuses to annul the marriage *Henry and Parliament declare England no longer under the pope – church of England *Act of Supremacy – English people must take oath of loyalty to Henry –official break from Rome Wife 1 Catherine of Aragon -sister-in-law -princess of Spain Daughter 1 Mary

  12. Elizabeth 1 Daughter 2 Anne Bolen Wife 2 -Beheaded for adultery and treason Jane Seymour Wife 3 -Dies in Childbirth -Buried next to Henry Edward VI – only son

  13. Catherine Howard Wife 5 -Had an affair -Will be beheaded Anne of Cleves Wife 4 -Marries based on recommendation of friend -Thinks she’s ugly -Annulled Catherine Parr Wife 6 Survived Henry Divorced, beheaded, died, divorce, beheaded, survived

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