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Objective 2.04. Assess political events, issues, and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism. Terms. Henry Clay: led Missouri Compromise. Supported import taxes. Proposed the American System and was a former Speaker of the House.
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Objective 2.04 Assess political events, issues, and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism.
Terms • Henry Clay: led Missouri Compromise. Supported import taxes. Proposed the American System and was a former Speaker of the House. • American System: created in order to unify the nation and strengthen its economy w/ a national bank, internal improvements, and a transportation system. • Panic of 1819: first major financial crisis in the U.S. Widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. Marked end of economic expansion that followed War of 1812.
McCulloch vs. Maryland: Maryland was not allowed to tax a federal bank. Established the Supremacy Clause. • Election of 1824: J.Q. Adams defeated Andrew Jackson, but was fishy. • “Corrupt bargain”: none of candidates able to secure majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in hands of House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson. Clay was Speaker of the House at the time, and convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State. Some believe an agreement was made ahead of time between the two. It was referred to by the defeated Jackson as a Corrupt Bargain.
Suffrage: right to vote. • Spoils System: practice of winning candidates rewarding their supporters w/ government jobs. • Tariff of Abominations: tax on imported manufactured goods. Made South mad b/c got goods cheaper from England than the North. Enriched North at South’s expense. • South Carolina Nullification Crisis: S.C. threatened not to enforce the Tariff of Abominations. State vs. Federal.
South Carolina Exposition and Protest: document written by John C. Calhoun who was Vice-President under J.Q. Adams. Protest against the Tariff of Abominations and threatened that S.C. would secede if not repealed. • Election of 1832: Andrew Jackson won as a Democrat. • Pet Banks: deposited federal funds and printed banknotes even though they did not have enough gold/silver to support it.
Whig Party: formed in 1834 to oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson and the Democrats. Favored modernization, Congress over President, and economic development. • Election of 1840: “Tippecanoe and Tyler too!” War hero, William Henry Harrison, won. Harrison vs. Van Buren Rockabye, baby, Daddy's a WhigWhen he comes home, hard cider he'll swigWhen he has swugHe'll fall in a stuAnd down will come Tyler and Tippecanoe.Rockabye, baby, when you awakeYou will discover Tip is a fake. Far from the battle, war cry and drumHe sits in his cabin a'drinking bad rum. Rockabye, baby, never you cryYou need not fear OF Tip and his Ty.What they would ruin, Van Buren will fix.Van's a magician, they are but tricks.
Nat Turner’s Rebellion: born a slave in 1800, led a slave rebellion in southeast Virginia and northeast N.C. in 1831. Killed 60 whites. • Monroe Doctrine: warning to European powers to leave the U.S. and other American (South and North) countries alone. No more colonization.
