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ESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL Dr. K. SIVAKUMAR Department of Chemistry SCSVMV University

ESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL Dr. K. SIVAKUMAR Department of Chemistry SCSVMV University. Aim Principle Reaction Chemicals required Apparatus required Procedure References. Aim:.

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ESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL Dr. K. SIVAKUMAR Department of Chemistry SCSVMV University

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  1. ESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL Dr. K. SIVAKUMAR Department of Chemistry SCSVMV University

  2. Aim • Principle • Reaction • Chemicals required • Apparatus required • Procedure • References

  3. Aim: • Esterification: Conversion of Carboxylic acids[CH3COOH] to Ester[CH3COOCH3] by the treatment with alcohol[CH3OH]. • Base (NaOH) catalyzed esterification of Biodiesel [Fatty acids Triglyceride carboxylic acids]using Methanol (CH3OH). Principle: • Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group on carbon. • In ester, the hydrogen in the carboxyl group replaced by an alkyl group. CH3COOH CH3COOR

  4. Reaction: Base catalyst

  5. Chemicals required: • Vegetable Oil (Edible / Non-edible) • eg:- • Neem Oil Soyabean Oil Jatropha Oil Palm Oil • Alcohol - Methanol (CH3OH) / Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) • Alkali - Sodiumhydroxide(NaOH) / Pot. hydroxide (KOH)

  6. Apparatus required: • Mechanical stirrer Heating mantle Round bottom flask • Thermometer Condenser Separating funnel • Measuring jars Beakers Funnels

  7. Procedure: • Step 1: Activation of alcohol: • Sodium Hydroxide is dissolved in alcohol by vigorous stirring to form alkoxide in a closed vessel • NaOH + CH3OH CH3ONa + H2O • Sod. Hydroxide Methanol Sodium alkoxide

  8. Step 2: TRANSESTERIFICATION / Alcoholysis • Alcohol catalyst mixture is mixed with Oil • Oil & Methanol ratio 10:1 by weight] • Reaction mixture is heated for 70o C for 3 hours to speed up the esterification process • CH2−OCOR1 R1COOCH3 CH2 − OH • | | • CH- OCOR2+ 3CH3OH R2COOCH3+ CH − OH • | | • CH2 −OCOR3 R3COOCH3 CH2 − OH • Triglyceride Methanol Biodiesel Glycerol Alkaline catalyst

  9. Side reaction: SAPONIFICATION R4COOH + NaOH R4COONa + H2O Free Fatty acid Base Soap Alkaline catalyst • Step 3: Separation of alcohol: • Methyl ester (BIODIESEL) and Glycerol are allowed to settle by gravity in a separating funnel • The denser glycerol settle down, while the Biodiesel forms the upper layers. • The two layers are separated • Both layer contains equal amount of • Methanol that has to be removed

  10. Step 4: Methyl ester wash: • Methyl ester (BIODIESEL) contains unused catalyst and Methanol • To remove this, Methyl ester is neutralized with H2SO4(30%) to deactivate the catalyst • Then, washed with hot water to remove the catalyst and washing is continued until the pH of washed water is in the range of 6 – 7 • Washed ester is dried using silica gel • Methanol can be removed by distillation

  11. Biodiesel (Non-Edible Oil): BEFORE Esterification • Biodiesel (Non-Edible Oil): AFTER Esterification

  12. References & Tutorials: http://www.biodiesel.org http://www.utahbiodieselsupply.com http://www.southerngrease.com/biodiesel.htm http://www.isbiodieselforme.com http://www.svlele.com/biodiesel_in_india.htm http://www.ethanolindia.net/biodiesel_india.html

  13. Dr. K. SIVAKUMAR Department of Chemistry SCSVMV University chemshiva@gmail.com +91 98423 61378 ?

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