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Dr. Nancy J. Aguinaga cstl-coe.semo/naguinaga/

Dr. Nancy J. Aguinaga http://cstl-coe.semo.edu/naguinaga/. WHAT IS Autism Spectrum Disorder?. What is your preconceived notion or idea when you hear or see the term autism? Preconceived feelings?. WHAT IS Autism Spectrum Disorder?.

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Dr. Nancy J. Aguinaga cstl-coe.semo/naguinaga/

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  1. Dr. Nancy J. Aguinaga http://cstl-coe.semo.edu/naguinaga/

  2. WHAT IS Autism Spectrum Disorder? • What is your preconceived notion or idea when you hear or see the term autism? • Preconceived feelings?

  3. WHAT IS Autism Spectrum Disorder? • The fastest growing diagnoses of childhood (from ‘91 to ‘99-up 1108%) • Very complex, often baffling developmental disability • First described by Leo Kanner in 1943 as early infantile autism • “Auto” – children are “locked within themselves.” • For next 30 years, considered to be an emotional disturbance

  4. WHAT IS ASD? • Today, autism is a severe form of a broader group of disorders • These are referred to as pervasive developmental disorders • Typically appears during the first 3 years of life • Expressed very differently – a wide range of abilities, strengths and limitations.

  5. WHAT IS ASD? • Neurological in origin – not emotional, not the refrigerator mom • Prevalence figures vary (1 in 166 in text) 1:110 NOW • 4 times more prevalent in boys • No known racial, ethnic, or social boundaries • No relation to family income, lifestyle

  6. WHAT IS ASD? • Autism impacts normal development of the brain in areas of social interaction and communication skills and behavior. • Difficult to communicate with others and relate to the outside world. • Occasionally, aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present.

  7. WHAT IS ASD? • May exhibit repeated body movements (hand flapping, rocking). • Unusual responses to people • Attachment to objects • Resistance to change in routine • Sensory sensitivities

  8. WHAT ARE THE TYPES? • Actually, the “umbrella” heading is Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). • Autism is one of the 5 PDDs. For now – DSM IV • All have commonalities in communication and social deficits • Differ in terms of severity • Differ in IQ levels • DSM 5 - ASD

  9. 1. Autistic Disorder • Impairments in social interaction, communication, and imaginative play. • Apparent before age 3. • Also includes stereotyped behaviors, interests, and activities • Autism added to the DSM III in 1980

  10. 2. Asperger’s Disorder • Impairments in social interactions, and presence of restricted interests and activities • No clinically significant general delay in language • Average to above average intelligence • Hans Asperger – a Vienese medical student– 1944 – his work not translated into English until 1981 and entered into the DSM IV in 1994

  11. 3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) • Often referred to as atypical autism • Used when a child does not meet the criteria for a specific diagnosis, but there is severe and pervasive impairment in specified behaviors • Entered into the DSM IV in 1987 revision

  12. 4. Rett’s Disorder • Progressive disorder which, almost exclusively occurs in females • Period of normal development and then the loss of previously acquired skills • Also loss of purposeful use of hands, which is replaced by repetitive hand movements • Beginning at age of 1-2 years, typically in first 5 months • Characterized by head growth deceleration and loss of previously acquired skills between 5-48 months • Entered into the DSM IV in 1994

  13. 5. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder • Normal growth and development prior to manifesting social interaction (generally the first 2 years) • Then significant loss of previously acquired skills in at least 2 of the following areas(language, social skills, adaptive behavior, bowel or bladder control, play, or motor skills) before the age of 10 • Entered into the DSM IV in 1994

  14. IDEA- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act • Autism was not an official disability category under federal education law until 1990 • Before this services were received under other categories such as ID(MR), OHI , or BD

  15. Conclusions on Types • Autism is a spectrum disorder • This means that symptoms and characteristics can present themselves in wide variety of combinations, from mild to severe • Individuals with autism can be very different from each other • Kluth “2003” “If you know one person with autism, you know ONE person with autism” http://vodpod.com/watch/4313806-paula-kluth-autism • “Autism” is still commonly used to refer to any of the 5 PDDs

  16. Cause? • Good agreement in general that autism is caused by abnormalities in brain and central nervous system development (typically result in over or under reactions to various sensory stimuli) • May include chemical exposure, viral and genetic factors • Vaccines? – NO NONO • Currently no medical test to confirm • A diagnosis is made by behavioral observations

  17. Famous People with Autism People on the spectrum have made some of the greatest contributions to the world we know… http://vodpod.com/watch/1570669-who-has-autism-famous-google-video?u=naguinaga&c=naguinaga

  18. Dr. Temple Grandin

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