html5-img
1 / 31

Economics of Innovation Patents Manuel Trajtenberg 2005

Economics of Innovation Patents Manuel Trajtenberg 2005. What are patents all about?. A patent is a legal document that grants monopoly rights over a specific innovation for a specified period of time (~ 20 years).

tangia
Download Presentation

Economics of Innovation Patents Manuel Trajtenberg 2005

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Economics of InnovationPatentsManuel Trajtenberg2005

  2. What are patents all about? • A patent is a legal document that grants monopoly rights over a specific innovation for a specified period of time (~ 20 years). • Why? To provide incentives to innovate: if inventions could be copied, nobody will incur the fix costs of developing it. • So important that specified in the US Constitution. • Patents involve a deal: monopoly rights in exchange for disclosure – that further promotes innovation. • As R&D and innovation become more important in the industrialized world, patent protection gains in stature.

  3. Patents as mechanism of appropriability • Innovation: creation of new Knowledge • Nice/nasty property of Knowledge: it leaks out easily! • Costs of copying knowledge usually very low • Hence need protection in order to reap benefits from innovation => • Need appropriability mechanisms

  4. Other mechanisms of appropriability • Secrecy • Lead Times • Monopoly power in the field – barriers to entry Patents – important in pharmaceuticals and chemicals, less in other industries

  5. Additional roles of patents • Tool for mutual deterrence • Tool for transfer/trade in technology, e.g. from Universities, from individual inventors/start ups.

  6. Patent Policy • Scope of what’s patentable: business methods, gene sequences… • “Size” (breath) of patents • How/when to allow for opposition/ appeals? • Whether and when to disclose applications.

  7. International Issues • Harmonization (e.g. first to file vs. first to invent) • Pharmaceutical patents in third world countries. • Enforcement.

  8. Patents as depositories of wealth of information on innovation • Very detailed information, millions of patents • Can study countries, firms, inventors; • Can study links over time and across geography and institutions. • (see front page of patent)

  9. Front page of patent (partial) United States Patent 6,539,988 Pressurized container adapter for charging automotive systems Inventors: Cowan; David M. (Brooklyn, NY); Schapers; Jochen (New York, NY); Trachtenberg; Saul (New York, NY); Nikolayev; Nikolay V. (Flushing, NY) Assignee: Interdynamics, Inc. (Brooklyn, NY) Filed: December 28, 2001 Current U.S. Class:141/67; 137/614.04; 141/351; 251/149.1 Intern'l Class: B65B Primary Examiner: Douglas; Steven O. Attorney, Agent or Firm: Levisohn, Lerner, Berger & Langsam LLP

  10. Front page – cont.References Cited

  11. Compaq 4/1995 TX Compaq 7/1995 TX Intel 11/1996 AZ IBM 3/1997 TX, FL Compaq 10/1998 CA Patent Citations: Spillovers, Importance spillovers “Self-citations” importance

  12. Number of USPTO Patentsby Application Year

  13. US patents granted, by grant year

  14. Distribution of Patents by Technological Categories – Shares

  15. Citations Received by Technological Categories

  16. Spillovers and geography QJE 1993

  17. The Sample

  18. Results – country localization

  19. Results: State and SMSA

  20. The “fading” over time of geographic localization

  21. Patents in CT

  22. Patents and R&D

More Related