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Overview of Public Health Surveillance

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Overview of Public Health Surveillance

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    1. Overview of Public Health Surveillance Epidemiology Program Office Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

    2. Public Health Approach

    3. Public Health Surveillance Ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control.

    4. Public Health Surveillance Systematic, ongoing Collection Analysis Interpretation Dissemination Link to public health practice

    5. Purposes of Public Health Surveillance Assess public health status Define public health priorities Evaluate programs Stimulate research

    6. Core Public Health Functions Assessment Policy development Assurance

    7. Surveillance Information for Action

    8. Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

    9. Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

    10. SHIGELLOSIS 1970-2000

    11. Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

    12. Rate of HEPATITIS A United States and territories, 2000

    13. Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

    15. Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

    16. Outbreak caused by sautéed onions, IL

    17. Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

    18. MEASLES (Rubeola) United States, 1965-2000

    19. PERTUSSIS (whooping cough) United States, 2000

    20. Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

    21. POLIOMYELITIS (paralytic) United States, 1970-2000

    22. Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

    24. Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

    26. Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

    27. U.S.-born

    30. Causal Pathway of Disease or Disability Environment (pre-exposure) Hazard/agent Behavior/risk factor Exposure Pre-symptomatic phase Apparent disease Death

    31. Selected Sources of Data Environmental monitoring systems Animals/vectors Individuals Laboratories Medical records Administrative records Police records Birth/death certificates

    32. Data Sources and Methods for Surveillance Notifiable diseases Laboratory specimens Vital records Sentinel surveillance Registries Surveys Administrative data systems Other data sources

    33. Data Sources/Methods Notifiable diseases Laboratory specimens Vital records Sentinel surveillance Registries Surveys Administrative data systems Other data sources

    34. Current Status: National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) CSTE/CDC collaboration List revised at annual CSTE meeting Voluntary reporting by states to CDC Reporting mandated at state level Reportable diseases vary by state

    35. National Notifiable Disease Surveillance Reporting mandated by state law/regulation Health care providers, laboratories report to local HD (county) County HD submits reports to State Reports transmitted to CDC primarily through National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS)

    36. MUMPS United States, 1975-2000

    37. MEASLES (Rubeola) United States, 1965-2000

    38. Passive vs. Active Surveillance Passive - Provider-initiated Active - Health Department-initiated

    39. Data Sources Notifiable diseases Laboratory specimens Vital records Sentinel surveillance Registries Surveys Administrative data systems Other data sources

    40. Outbreak caused

    41. Salmonella—serotypes of isolates United States, 1973-1998

    42. Blood Lead Measurements 1975-1981

    43. Data Sources Notifiable diseases Laboratory specimens Vital records Sentinel surveillance Registries Surveys Administrative data systems Other data sources

    44. Use of NCHS Data Systems for Surveillance Vital Statistics National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) Linked: birth records death records

    45. Data Sources Notifiable diseases Laboratory specimens Vital records Sentinel surveillance Registries Surveys Administrative data systems Other data sources

    46. Sentinel Surveillance Monitoring of key health events through sentinel: Sites Events Providers Vectors/animals

    47. SENSOR Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks

    48. Lead Poisoning Michigan, 1990

    49. Confirmed Work-Related Asthma Patients By Industry Type: 1988-1998 Michigan

    50. Data Sources Notifiable diseases Laboratory specimens Vital records Sentinel surveillance Registries Surveys Administrative data systems Other data sources

    52. Birth Defects Monitoring Programs Vital records Hospital discharge summaries Hospital records (active abstraction)

    53. Prevalence of Anencephaly and Spina Bifida Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, 1968-2000

    54. Data Sources Notifiable diseases Laboratory specimens Vital records Sentinel surveillance Registries Surveys Administrative data systems Other data sources

    56. Use of NCHS Data Systems for Surveillance Population-based surveys National Health Interview Survey National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Provider-based surveys National Hospital Discharge Survey National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey

    58. Cesarean Deliveries United States, 1970-1992

    59. Data Sources Notifiable diseases Laboratory specimens Vital records Sentinel surveillance Registries Surveys Administrative data systems Other data sources

    60. Ectopic Pregnancies United States 1980-1996

    61. Data Sources Notifiable diseases Laboratory specimens Vital records Sentinel surveillance Registries Surveys Administrative data systems Other data sources

    62. Other Data Useful for Surveillance Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System CDC Drug Service Miscellaneous

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