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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Vital Signs Assessment. OA 9.24. Describe how to check a victim’s ABCs when performing a primary survey. Primary survey. The secondary survey. Only begin the secondary survey once the athlete is deemed stable Begins with an assessment of vital signs Musculoskeletal Assessment

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Vital Signs Assessment

  2. OA 9.24 • Describe how to check a victim’s ABCs when performing a primary survey

  3. Primary survey

  4. The secondary survey • Only begin the secondary survey once the athlete is deemed stable • Begins with an assessment of vital signs • Musculoskeletal Assessment • DOCUMENT EVERYTHING!

  5. Vital Signs

  6. The Pulse • Reflects condition of patient’s circulatory system and cardiac function • Pulse is found in the artery • Vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body • Absence of a pulse indicates cardiac arrest or death

  7. The Pulse • Rate, rhythm and quality are assessed • Rate: normal, abnormal • Rhythm: regular, irregular • Quality: weak, strong

  8. The Pulse • Normal pulse for adults is 60-80 beats per minute (bpm) • Athlete’s may be 50-60 bpm

  9. The Pulse • Abnormal pulses indicate trauma • Rapid & weak: shock, bleeding, diabetic coma, heat exhaustion • Rapid and strong: heatstroke, fright • Slow and strong: skull fracture, stroke • No pulse: cardiac arrest, death.

  10. The Pulse • Higher than average pulse rates = tachycardia • Lower than average pulse rates = bradycardia

  11. The Pulse • Can be found in 11 different places on the body • Pulse points

  12. The Pulse • Radial • Carotid • Brachial • Femoral • Popliteal • Posterior Tibial • Dorsal pedal

  13. The Pulse • Use two fingers to measure pulse rate, rhythm, and quality • NEVER USE THE THUMB – WHY?

  14. The Pulse • First beat measured is calculated as zero • 10 sec x 6 • 12 sec x 5 • 15 sec x 4 • 30 sec x 2 • 60 sec

  15. Vital Signs

  16. Respiration • Process of exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide • Takes place in the lungs • Regulated by the brain and CO2 levels in the bloodstream • Single respiration consists of one inspiration and one expiration

  17. Respiration • General guidelines for normal rates are: • 15 years and older: • 12-20 breaths per minute • Well-trained athlete: • 6-8 breaths per minute

  18. Respiratory Patterns • Abdominal – belly breathing • Apnea – absence of breathing • Tachypnea – rapid breathing • Bradypnea – slow breathing • Cheyne-Stokes respiration – pattern of rapid deep breathing followed by apnea

  19. Respiratory Patterns • Dyspnea – difficulty breathing • Kussmaul’s breathing – hyperventilation • Caused by too much CO2in the blood • Labored breathing – shown by using shoulders, neck, back muscles to breath

  20. Measuring Respiration • Respiratory rate & pattern are measured • Count inhalations & exhalations • Watch for chest rise & fall • 30 sec x 2 = breaths per minute • Describe pattern

  21. Measuring Respiration • Never tell the patient you aremeasuring their respiration • Why?

  22. Blood Pressure • Systolic • Diastolic

  23. Blood Pressure Terms • Hypotension • Low blood pressure • Hypertension • High blood pressure

  24. Blood Pressure Terms • Sphygmomanometer • Blood pressure cuff • Measures a person’s blood pressure along with a stethoscope

  25. Body Temperature • Core temperature • Must remain within a relatively narrow range in order for the body’s various systems to function efficiently

  26. Body Temperature • Regulated by an area in the brain known as the hypothalamus • Group of cells monitors the temperature of the blood and responds to any change of temperature • Normal body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

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