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Alternative Access Technologies Peter Elford pelford@cisco

Alternative Access Technologies Peter Elford pelford@cisco.com. Agenda. Changing Access Needs Access Technologies Cable, DSL Wireless, Ethernet, PON Powerline. ISP2. Comp A. ISP1. Comp B. Wireless Headend. Cable Headend. DSLAM. Switch. Cable. Wireless. ADSL. Other. Wireless.

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Alternative Access Technologies Peter Elford pelford@cisco

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  1. AlternativeAccessTechnologiesPeter Elfordpelford@cisco.com

  2. Agenda • Changing Access Needs • Access Technologies • Cable, DSLWireless,Ethernet, PONPowerline

  3. ISP2 Comp A ISP1 Comp B Wireless Headend Cable Headend DSLAM Switch Cable Wireless ADSL Other Wireless Ethernet ? Access Technologies IP Backbone ISDN POTS Frame ATM 3

  4. Branch Enterprise Small-Medium Enterprise Telecommuter Residential Emerging Market for Dedicated High Speed Access is Expanding & Accelerating Migration from PSTN/ISDN to High Speed Always On Network Access Dialup PSTN ISDN ISP and/or Enterprise Cable and xDSL and Wireless and …

  5. Incumbent infrastructure suppliers looking to leverage investment in local loop/cable Cable TV Operators and Telephony providers Goal: Add new services using existing plant Driven by: Internet and New World trends New entrants with little or no legacy infrastructure Motivation Data Video Total TrafficVolume Today Voice Time

  6. A Hypothetical proposition Future Application Need: Telepresence Assume: 1 half sphere/per eye 24 bit colour 30 frames per second 2,400 dots per inch 10.4 billion pixels One telepresence session requires15 Terabits/second (uncompressed) Source: Level(3) Communications

  7. Cable www.cisco.com 7

  8. Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node HFC Network Architecture 6 MHz HBO CNN ESPN Hub Headend Hub Hub COAX Tap Drop Settop TV

  9. Subscriber Cable Modem 10 Base T Internet Universal Broadband Router Cable Data System Schematic Headend / Hub Off-Air Channels Optical Transmitters Receivers Descramblers Scramblers RF Amplifiers Tap Satellite Channels RF Combiner AM & Digital Modulators Optical Nodes

  10. Share Physical Media Downstream - 27 Mbps (shared)Upstream - 2Mbps (shared) Link MAC Protocol Ethernet on MPEGSecurity Cable ModemAuto-configuration QoS MCNS Summary The Network Tap Cable Headend Router Cable Modem Ethernet Port MCNS – Multimedia Cable Network Specifications DOCSIS - Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

  11. Cable HeadEnd Router • Headend Router • Integrated cable modem headend and router • Cable interfaces, backend trunking Based on Highend Router Range of RF Cable Modem Cards - Upstream and Downstream

  12. Cable Subscriber Modems • MCNS Subscriber Cable Modems • Varying requirements • Residential – BridgesSOHO, SMB – Routers

  13. xDSL www.cisco.com 13

  14. x Varies Depending on Technology ... DSL Digital Subscriber Loop xDSL Today - Telephone Tomorrow ... Central Office (Telephone Exchange) RemoteLocation Subscriber Loop

  15. xDSL Physical Characteristics Max Data RateDown/Up Links Distancekm VDSL - Very High Rate 52 Mbps/2.0Mbps .9 ADSL - Asymmetric 8 Mbps/1.0Mbps 5.5 HDSL - High Bit Rate 2.0 Mbps/2.0 Mbps 4.6 SDSL - Symmetric 784kbp/784Kbps 6.9 IDSL - ISDN 144Kbps/144Kbps 5.5

  16. ConnectionsDelivered as ATM PVC’s ADSL Architecture Content Network Consumers Backbone Network Telephone Exchange ISP (a, b, c) ATMCore DSLAM Aggregator IPCore Corporate Gateway (x, y, z) 16

  17. ADSL Solution ADSL CPE DSLAM Aggregator DSL ATM Ethernet PPPoE(oA)

  18. Wireless www.cisco.com 18

  19. Wireless Technology Enterprise, Campus, and Residential Fixed Mobile Broadband 2G Cellular 3G Cellular

  20. Enterprise Wireless • Wireless LANs and Bridges • 802.11, shared 11Mbps, 500m – 40km • GSM to VoIP Gateways VoIP IP PSTN

  21. Fixed Wireless Issues • Reach • Frequency Spectrum Availability • Line of Sight (LOS) vs. non-LOS • Point to Point vs. Point to Multipoint

  22. … … Paths Base Station Subscriber Non LOS Wireless • VOFDM Vector Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing • Leverages multiple received signals to recreate original transmission • Enables greater coverage and substantially reduces LoS limitations

  23. Broadband Wireless Solutions Internet Broadband “Last Mile” Access PSTN • Shared 10-22Mb using Cable MCNS MAC • 3.4Ghz (licensed), 5.7Ghz (unlicensed) Wireless Access Router Wireless Headend Router

  24. Ethernet www.cisco.com 24

  25. Gigabit Ethernet: Can it Break the Metro Area Bottleneck ? “Business customers and service providers should be aware that a new breed of carrier is emerging. These new carriers are taking Ethernet technology and extending it from the corporate LAN to metro and wide area networks.” October 31, 2000

  26. Why Ethernet ? • Very high performance • Flexible • Sub 10E, E, FE, GE, 10GE … • User configurable • Really cheap • Easily deployed • Matches user requirements • Transport IP packets • Easily combined with DWDM

  27. Bredbandsbolaget Home Residential Area • 10E to home @ ~A$40/month • GE backbone • 750,000 users within CY2000 • Portal Centric (Full Service) City Country

  28. Cogent FE Long Haul DWDM (128 x Oc192) GE GE Oc48 Oc48

  29. The Opportunity Cost of Laying a New Last Mile “… this technology could bedisruptive to thetraditional carriers ...” • Close match to Enterprise Networks • A service provider service at least as high in performance as the Intranet • Foundation for many other services • Portals, Hosting, ASP’s, VoIP, Video … October 31, 2000

  30. Passive Optical Networks OLT – Optical Line Termination ONT – Optical Network Termination Passive Splitter Ethernet PON (EPON) and ATM PON (APON) Central Office Distribution Network Subscriber Premises Voice Data Video 1 Voice Data Video Splitter ONT OLT Fibre Feeder Fibre Drop 32

  31. A B A C B C A B A C B A C C B A C PON Operation A ONU-A A • Downstream/upstream on different wavelengths • Downstream broadcast; ONU’s select packets • Upstream using TDMA; synchronised by OLT B C Discard 1310nm B B OLT ONU-B B 1550nm A C Discard C ONU-C C A B Discard

  32. PowerLine www.cisco.com 32

  33. Internet Power Distribution Network High Voltage Transmission Equipment CPE Phone(s) Utility Data Network (Fibre) “Copper-based” power distribution network Distribution Transformer PC Low Voltage Last 100m In-Premise Last Inch Medium Voltage Grid Last Mile

  34. Observations www.cisco.com 34

  35. The Need for Speed • Technology, products and standards definitely driven by US market and regulations • Wireless spectrum licensing is a per country game • But US-model is not exclusive (or 100% relevant) • Vigorous competition between cable and xDSL • Rest of the World varies • As much regulation as infrastructure or technology • Fundamentally changes network design • No last mile challenges …

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