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Going underground . Debunking Secrecy and Hazing in NPHC Fraternity Recruitment Presented by Courtney Brewer, Reiner Gall, A’dja Jones, and Sarah Nyquist. Overview. Introduction and overview of the issue – Reiner Analysis of the issue – A’dja The intervention – Courtney
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Going underground Debunking Secrecy and Hazing in NPHC Fraternity Recruitment Presented by Courtney Brewer, Reiner Gall, A’dja Jones, and Sarah Nyquist
Overview • Introduction and overview of the issue – Reiner • Analysis of the issue – A’dja • The intervention – Courtney • Assessment of the intervention – Sarah
The issue • The National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) • Pledge Process • Issues with hazing • Intake process
The issue • Hazing/pledging went underground • Problem was still there • Deaths of students • Physical abuse • Often unreported • Multiple cases of “underground” hazing around the country
The issue • Questions to consider • Why do students haze? • What is the emotional/psychological impact of hazing, both on the victim and the attacker? • How did chapter members get away with hazing? • How can we prevent the problem in the future without tarnishing the proud tradition of NPHC?
Targeted audience • BGL (Black Greek Letter) Organizations, specifically fraternities • Members often include: • African American males • Ages from 18-24 • Various backgrounds • Fraternity and sorority life community • Any student organization with potential or past hazing issues • Administration and Fraternity/Sorority Life advisors • BGL Alumni and National Organization
Theoretical Analysis • Why do student organizations haze? • Numerous organizations • Why do Black Greek Letter (BGL) Fraternities haze? • Strong tradition of ritual • Physical vs Intellectual • Rite of Passage • Pride
Theoretical Analysis (continueD) • What are the emotional and psychological impacts of hazing for both the attacker and victim? • Rebirth • Earn a spot amongst fraternal elites • Physical and mental distress • Death • Tradition of violence • Guilt • Why does hazing occur? • Not a wrong-doing • Lack of reporting • Lack of supervision • Advisors and staff afraid of being seen as intolerant/racist • “Mind you own business”
Hazing prevention • What can be done to eliminate and demote hazing? • Research • University wide approach • Keep records and maintain infraction list • Zero tolerance policy • Commissions for student organizations • Prevention vs Punishment • Establish rules • Accountability • Punishment • Correlating departments • Creating programs • Partnerships • Open and honest communication with National Pan Hellenic Council
Hazing prevention (continued) • Punishment for faculty, staff, and advisors • Establish “safe” zones • Hear hazing issues or complaints • Offer resources • Eliminate chapters with history of behavior
Developmental Assessment • Schlossberg’s Transition Theory • Baggage • Predominantly White Campus • Cross & Fhagen-Smith’s Model of Black Identity Development
References (Literature review) • Allan, Elizabeth J., Madden, Mary. (2011)Hazing in View: College Students at Risk http://www.hazingstudy.org/publications/hazing_in_view_web.pdf. • Brewer, B. W.,Cornelius, A. E., Linder, D. E., & Van Raalte, J. L. (2007). The relationship between hazing and team cohesion. Journal of Sport Behavior, 30:4, 491-507. • Campo, S., Poulos, G., & Sipple, J. W. (2005). Prevalence and profiling: Hazing among college students and points of intervention. American Journal of Health and Behavior, 29:2, 137-149.
References (continued) • Hall, C. A., Richardson, B. K., & Wang, Z. (2012). Blowing the whistle against greekhazing: The theory of reasoned action as a framework for reporting intentions. Communication Studies, 63:2, 172-193. • Jones, R. L., (2000). The historical significance of sacrificial ritual: Understanding violence in the modern black fraternity pledge process. The Western Journal of Black Studies, 24, 112-124. • Langford, L. (2008). A comprehensive approach to hazing prevention in higher education settings. Retrieved from Higher Education Center website: http://www.edc.org/hec/pubs/violence.pdf • Nuwar, H. (1999). Wrongs of passage: Fraternities, sororities, hazing and binge drinking. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.