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fourteen. contrast 1: shadow and light. (Some) components of an image. Parameters (of pixels and regions) Color: hue, saturation, value (brightness) Texture Size Weight Contrast Variations in a parameter Form Line Plane Volume Shape Composition Placement

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fourteen

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  1. fourteen contrast 1: shadow and light

  2. (Some) components of an image • Parameters (of pixels and regions) • Color: hue, saturation, value (brightness) • Texture • Size • Weight • Contrast • Variations in a parameter • Form • Line • Plane • Volume • Shape • Composition • Placement • Balance, proportion, scale relationships • Repetition/change

  3. Contrast • Defines objects • Directs attention • Local contrast draws attention • Establishes mood • Wide range/narrow range • More contrast generally more dramatic

  4. Chiaroscuro:Contrast in value • Most important source of information for the visual system • Used to • Separate figure from ground • Direct attention • Establish shape • Establish depth • Set mood • Manipulated through control of • Shape • Pigmentation • Lighting Fritz Lang, M (German, 1931)

  5. Haloing Separates figure from ground Friedl Dicker, Light and dark study, c. 1920

  6. Rim lighting John Lasseter, Toy Story (USA, 1995) key fill rim Used to emphasize outline of an object in shadow • Key light leaves left edge of character in shadow • Can’t make out object boundaries • Spooky (Tom Hanks isn’t supposed to be spooky) • Weak rim light brings up contrast at object boundary • Tom Hanks safely de-spooked

  7. Directing attention • Eye is drawn toward • Bright areas • Areas of high contrast

  8. Directing attention Caravaggio The Calling of St. Matthew, C. 1597 Rembrandt, The Night Watch, c. 1624

  9. Modeling • Pictorial techniques to bring out object shape • Chiaroscuro very important • Point-lights generate • strong shadows • Highlights Carvaggio, Incredulity of St. Thomas

  10. Modeling

  11. Shape from shading • We compute surface curvature from intensity gradients • Bias to assume light source is above the head

  12. Modeling with lighting • Key light • Offset from camera • Mood, modeling • Fill light • Fills in rest of scene • Keeps shadows under control • Others • Back light, rim light, …

  13. Photography with direct flash is evil • Direct flash has the light source at the lens, pointing at the subject • Flattens image • Highlights are in the “wrong” place • Bounce flash points the light at the ceiling or some other surface

  14. The Boris Karloff effect

  15. Mood • Contrast connotes emotional intensity • Danger • Excitement • Example: film noir • Washed-out scenes connote dreariness • Boris Karloff effect

  16. Mood Georges de la tour , The Repentant Magdalene, C. 1640 Georges de la tour, St. Sebastian, C. 1650

  17. Cold light

  18. Warm light

  19. Fritz Lang, Metropolis (Germany, 1926)

  20. Fritz Lang, Metropolis (Germany, 1926)

  21. Fritz Lang, M (Germany, 1931)

  22. Fritz Lang, Blue Gardenia (USA, 1953)

  23. Cohen bros., Blood Simple (USA, 1984)

  24. film noir one-stop shopping for examples of high-key dramatic lighting

  25. The Locket (USA, 1947)

  26. Gun for Hire (1942)

  27. Scarlet Street (1945)

  28. Hollow Triumph (1948)

  29. Sudden Fear (1952)

  30. the 1970s one-stop shopping for examples of low-key ennui lighting

  31. The French Connection (1971)

  32. Annie Hall (1977)

  33. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1975)

  34. Fantasy/SF more high-key lighting and chiaroscuro

  35. Dark City (1998)

  36. Dark city

  37. Dark City

  38. Dark City

  39. Dark City

  40. Dark City

  41. Dark City

  42. Dark City

  43. City of Lost Children (France, 1995)

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