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THE RHETORICAL SITUATION

THE RHETORICAL SITUATION. Lloyd Bitzer. RHETORICAL SITUATION. CALLS THE DISCOURSE INTO EXISTENCE CRISIS SITUATION INVITES APPLICATION OF METHOD AND CREATION OF DISCOURSE. WHAT MAKES A WORK RHETORICAL?. WHAT MAKES A WORK RHETORICAL?. RESPONSE TO A SITUATION OF A CERTAIN KIND.

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THE RHETORICAL SITUATION

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  1. THE RHETORICAL SITUATION Lloyd Bitzer

  2. RHETORICAL SITUATION • CALLS THE DISCOURSE INTO EXISTENCE • CRISIS SITUATION • INVITES APPLICATION OF METHOD AND CREATION OF DISCOURSE

  3. WHAT MAKES A WORK RHETORICAL?

  4. WHAT MAKES A WORK RHETORICAL? • RESPONSE TO A SITUATION OF A CERTAIN KIND

  5. WHAT DOES BITZER SAY RHETORIC IS?

  6. RHETORIC • MODE OF ALTERING REALITYBY CREATION OF DISCOURSE WHICH CHANGES REALITY THROUGH MEDIATION OF THOUGHT AND ACTION

  7. HOW DOES RHETORIC ALTER REALITY?

  8. ALTERS REALITY BY: BRINGING INTO EXISTENCE A DISCOURSE THAT SO ENGAGES AUDIENCE IN THOUGHT AND ACTION THAT IT BECOMES A MEDIATOR OF CHANGE

  9. RHETORICAL SITUATION • NATURAL CONTEXT OF PERSONS, EVENTS, OBJECTS, RELATIONS • EXIGENCE WHICH STRONGLY INVITES UTTERANCE • OBLIGED TO SPEAK • IMPERATIVE STIMULUS

  10. WHAT ARE THE 7 THINGS THAT MAKE RHETORIC SITUATIONAL?

  11. RHETORIC IS SITUATIONAL • EXISTS AS NECESSARY CONDITION OF RHETORICAL DISCOURSE • SPEECH IS GIVEN RHETORICAL SIGNIFICANCE BY SITUATION

  12. EXISTS AS NECESSARY CONDITION OF RHETORICAL DISCOURSE • MANY RHETORICAL SITUATIONS MATURE AND DECAY WITHOUT GIVING BIRTH TO RHETORICAL UTTERANCE

  13. NEEDS AND INVITES DISCOURSE CAPABLE OF PARTICIPATING WITH SITUATION AND THEREBY ALTERING ITS REALITY

  14. FUNCTIONS AS FITTING RESPONSE TO SITUATION WHICH NEEDS AND INVITES IT • CONTROLS THE RHETORICAL RESPONSE

  15. DEFINITION OF THE RHETORICAL SITUATION?

  16. RHETORICAL SITUATION COMPLEX OF PERSONS, EVENS, OBJECTS, AND RELATIONS PRESENTING AN ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL EXIGENCE WHICH CAN BE COMPLETELY OR PARTIALLY REMOVED IF DISCOURSE, INTRODUCED INTO THE SITUATION, CAN SO CONSTRAIN HUMAN DECISION OR ACTION TO BRING ABOUT SIGNIFICANT MODIFICATION OF EXIGENCE

  17. WHAT ARE THE 3 CONSTITUENTS TO ANY RHETORICAL SITUATION?

  18. 3 CONSTITUENTS TO ANY RHETORICAL SITUATION • EXIGENCE • AUDIENCE • CONSTRAINTS

  19. EXIGENCE

  20. EXIGENCE • IMPERFECTION MARKED BY URGENCY • DEFECT, OBSTACLE • SOMETHING WAITING TO BE DONE • THING OTHER THAN IT SHOULD BE

  21. EXIGENCE IS RHETORICAL WHEN . . .

  22. EXIGENCE IS RHETORICAL WHEN: • CAPABLE OF POSITIVE MODIFICATION • WHEN POSITIVE MODIFICATION REQUIRES DISCOURSE OR CAN BE ASSISTED BY DISCOURSE

  23. WHAT IS THE ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE OF EXIGENCE?

  24. 1 CONTROLLING EXIGENCE FUNCTIONING AS ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE • AUDIENCE TO BE ADDRESSED • CHANGE TO BE EFFECTED

  25. WHAT MAKES AN AUDIENCE RHETORICAL?

  26. RHETORICAL AUDIENCE THOSE PERSONS CAPABLE OF BEING INFLUENCED BY DISCOURSE AND OF BEING MEDIATORS OF CHANGE

  27. CONSTRAINTS?

  28. CONSTRAINTS PERSONS, EVENTS, OBJECTS, RELATIONS THAT HAVE POWER TO CONSTRAIN DECISION AND ACTION NEEDED TO MODIFY EXIGENCE

  29. 7 FEATURES OF A RHETORICAL SITUATION?

  30. RHETORICAL SITUATION • INVITATION TO CREATE AND PRESENT DISCOURSE • INVITES A FITTING RESPONSE • DICTATES PURPOSE, THEME, MATTER, AND STYLE OF RESPONSE

  31. EXIGENCE LOCATED IN REALITY, OBSERVABLE AND PUBLICLY OBSERVABLE HISTORIC FACTS • WILL BE STRUCTURED (LOOSELY OR HIGHLY)

  32. SOME MATURE OR DECAY • SOME MATURE AND PERSIST

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