Housing Construction

1. Housing Construction Housing Semester Course Unit 2 Objectives 2.3, 2.4, 2.5

2. Architecture • The profession of designing buildings, open areas, communities, and other artificial constructions and environments, usually with some regard to aesthetic effect. • Includes design or selection of furnishings and decorations, supervision of construction work, and the examination, restoration, or remodeling of existing buildings.

3. Blueprint • A copy in white lines on a blue back ground, of a drawing, plan, tracing, etc., or a positive picture in blue and white, from a negative, produced by photographic printing on peculiarly prepared paper

4. Floor plan • A diagram of a home or other structure that shows the arrangement of rooms.

5. Floor Plan • Exterior and interior walls • Doors • Windows • Patios • Walks • Decks • Fireplaces • Mechanical Equipment • Built-in cabinets • Appliances

6. Elevation • A diagram that provides a side view; usually shows one wall of a room or a house exterior and displays relative heights and architectural features.

11. Basic structural features and their purposes in housing construction. • Foundation • Underlying base and support of a home. Consists of footing and foundation walls. • Footing • continuous concrete base that supports the foundation wall below ground level.

12. Crawl Space • 18-24 inches of space between the ground and the bottom floor of the home. • Leaves enough room to crawl under the house to reach electrical wiring and parts of the plumbing and heating systems. • Usually gravel or soil, covered with plastic to prevent rotting of wood above

13. Slab • Used in a home that has no basement or crawl space. • The concrete footing and short foundation walls under the home hold up a slab—a poured layer of concrete about 4 inches thick. • Best used in areas where frost would not be a problem.

14. Floor frame • Sill plate—first piece of floor frame attached to the foundation • Floor frame consists of girders, joists, and sub floor • Standard floors are built to hold up to 100 pounds per square foot

15. Termite guard • sill sealer placed on top of the foundation wall • Sill plate • the first piece of lumber bolted to the foundation wall • Floor joist • attached to the sill plate and support the floor

16. Sub floor • Floor frame is covered by rough flooring of ply wood and is nailed directly to floor joist.

18. Frame • Skeleton of the house • Steel • Wood

19. Wall Frame • Built on top of the floor frame • Supports the ceiling, upper floors, and roof • Serves as a nailing base for wall finishes • Includes: • Vertical studs and horizontal plates • Headers above doors and windows • 2 X 4 or 2 X 6 construction • Load-bearing walls—support floor and ceiling • Nonbearing wall—does not support any weight from the structure and it may be removed

20. Ceiling and Roof Frames • Consists of a series of rafters that support the weight of the roof. • Slope of rafters establishes the roof pitch—the angle of the roof.

22. Anchor bolts Sill Sealer Sill Plate Foundation Wall Footing

23. Double top plate Header Stud Header Door opening Window opening Sole plate Subfloor Floor joist Girder

24. Ridge board Rafter Ceiling joist Double top plate Studs

25. Types of Windows

26. Parts of a Window Frame Pane Sash Sill Apron

27. Double Hung • Vertical sliding window • Provides an opening of about one-half the size of the window

28. Types of Double Hung Windows

29. Hooper – hinged at bottom and top swings inward Awning – swing outward at the bottom, hinged at top Casement – open and close with a crank, swing outward Jalousie – series of horizontal, adjustable glass slats with metal frame, crank open and close for ventilation

30. Bay Window • Combination window that projects outward form the exterior wall • Large fixed window in the center and double-hung windows on both sides

31. Palladian

32. Hood Mold

33. Oriel

34. Ribbon Window