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Light Echoes from Historic Supernovae

Light Echoes from Historic Supernovae. Armin Rest (Harvard) SuperMACHO & EHS collaboration. Outline. Background What are light echoes Light Echoes of SNe SN 87A SNe in LMC Galactic SNe Future. Microlensing alerts ….????. Oct. 2001. 2002 - 2001.

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Light Echoes from Historic Supernovae

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  1. Light Echoes from Historic Supernovae Armin Rest (Harvard) SuperMACHO & EHS collaboration

  2. Outline • Background • What are light echoes • Light Echoes of SNe • SN 87A • SNe in LMC • Galactic SNe • Future

  3. Microlensing alerts ….???? Oct. 2001

  4. 2002 - 2001

  5. The Well-known Light Echoes of SN 1987A! 2002 - 2001

  6. Geometry of Light Echoes Dust sheet SN 87A Observer

  7. Geometry of Light Echoes Ellipsoids trace out surfaces of constant arrival time Dust sheet 20 year light echoes 20 year ellipse SN 87A SN 87A what we see Observer projected on the sky 10 light-years Extra path: 2 x 10 light years Light echo after 20 years

  8. Geometry of Light Echoes Ellipsoids trace out surfaces of constant arrival time Dust sheets 20 year light echoes 20 year ellipse SN 87A SN 87A what we see Observer projected on the sky 10 light-years Extra path: 2 x 10 light years Light echo after 20 years

  9. Geometry of Light Echoes Ellipsoids trace out surfaces of constant arrival time Dust sheets 22 year ellipse 22 year light echoes 20 year light echoes 20 year ellipse SN 87A SN 87A what we see 1 light-year Observer projected on the sky 10 light-years Extra path: 2 x 10 light years Light echo after 20 years Extra path: 2 x 11 light years Light echo after 22 years

  10. SuperMACHO difference image, 2003-2001 Geometry of Light Echoes 22 year light echoes 20 year light echoes

  11. SN 87A Light Echoes with NN2 Difference Imaging(each season combined and smoothed) Newman & Rest, in preparation Xu, Crotts, & Kunkel (1995)

  12. The Outer Light Echo Ring of SN 87A (Newman & Rest, in preparation)

  13. 87A light echo Spectra (Gemini-S) Sinnott et al., In preparation

  14. 3D spectroscopic view of SN 87A 2006 • Sinnott et al., in preparation • 40 degree cone 2006-2009 Red: observed light echo spectrum Black: integrated SN 87 spectrum Sinnott et al., in preparation

  15. Light Echoes from a source other than SN 1987A?

  16. Light Echoes from Ancient Supernovae in the LMC Rest et. al., 2005, Nature, 438, 1132 • Three distinct light echo groups • Apparent proper motion: between 0.7c and 1.8c • R magnitudes between 22.5 and 24.0 LE2 LE3 LE1 87A

  17. LE3 LE2 LE1 Light Echoes from Ancient Supernovae in the LMC Rest et. al., 2005, Nature, 438, 1132 • Three distinct light echo groups • Apparent proper motion: between 0.7c and 1.8c • R magnitudes between 22.5 and 24.0 LE2 LE3 LE1 87A Hughes et. al. (1995)

  18. OverluminousSNeIa correlating best with LE2 spectra Rest et. al., ApJ, 2008 Overluminous SN Ia

  19. The Type of SNR 0509-67.5 Rest et. al., 2008, ApJ, 680 Badenes et. al., 2008, ApJ, 680 Light echo spectrum: The SN of SNR 0509-67.5 was an overluminous SN Ia with a Dm15<0.9 X-Ray spectrum of SNR 0509-67.5: Hydrodynamic non-equilibrium ionization models favor bright, highly energetic SN Ia Rosetta stone for SN: First time the origin event of a SNR is directly determined, placing stringent constraints on the explosion mechanism and hence on the interpretation of X-ray spectra of the remnant

  20. IR echoes of Cas A • Krause et al. 2005: Spitzer IR echoes • Apparent motion: v = 0.7c • Claim: • observed IR echo apparent motion evidence for X-ray flare in 1953 +- 2.5 days • Need strong magnitic field • Magnetar

  21. IR echoes of Cas A • Krause et al. 2005: • If Cas A SN source: angle of incidence of the heating flash relative to plane of sky ~75 degree. • Therefore: much smaller apparent motion than observed • Cas A SN can’t be source of IR echoes Observer Observer Cas A Cas A

  22. IR echoes of Cas A • Krause et al. 2005: • If Cas A SN source: angle of incidence of the heating flash relative to plane of sky ~75 degree. • Therefore: much smaller apparent motion than observed • Cas A SN can’t be source of IR echoes Mythbuster: There has never been any evidence based on light echoes indicating that the Cas A remnant hosts a magnetar Observer Observer Cas A Cas A

  23. Light Echoes of Galactic SNe • KPNO Mosaic imager • 200 fields • 12 light echo candidate groups • Surfave brightness V~24mag/arcsec2 Rest et al., 2008, ApJL, 681

  24. Tycho SN (1572) and Cas A (1680) Rest et al., 2008, ApJL, 681

  25. Tycho SN (1572) and Cas A (1680) Krause et al. 2009 Rest et al., 2008, ApJL, 681

  26. Cas A 3-D spectroscopic view Tycho SN (1572) and Cas A (1680) Rest et al, 2009, in preparation Rest et al., 2008, ApJL, 681

  27. Tycho SN (1572) and Cas A (1680) Krause et al, 2008 Rest et al., 2008, ApJL, 681

  28. Galactic SNe light echoes: Future surveys • 7 known SNe in last 2000 years • PanSTARRS, Skymapper, LSST, …. • Visual inspection not possible! • New detection package needed • Not centrally peaked like stars/galaxies • Low surface brightness, but 10s or arcsec wide/long

  29. Conclusions • Light echoes from SNe are visible 100s of years • 3-D dust structure • Typing of ancient SN based on light echo spectrum (SNR 0509-67.5, Cas A, Tycho) • Rosetta stone! • 3D spectroscopic view of SNe possible! Asymmetries! • PanSTARRS, LSST, Skymapper: possibility to find light echoes of more SNe

  30. Normal SNe Ia Rest et. al., ApJ, 2008 Normal SN Ia Armin Rest, 06/02/09, UW

  31. Normal SNe Ic Rest et. al., ApJ, 2008 Normal SN Ic Armin Rest, 06/02/09, UW

  32. Under-luminous SNe Ia and other SN Ibc Rest et. al., ApJ, 2008 Other SN Ia and Ib/c Armin Rest, 06/02/09, UW

  33. Tycho SN (1572) and Cas A (1680) Tycho Brahe Rest et al., 2008, ApJL, 681

  34. The Outer Light Echo Ring of SN 87A (Newman & Rest, in preparation) Distance in SN foreground (z) in pc Position angle in degree

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