210 likes | 266 Views
Building the Program. Keys to a Quality Curriculum. What is worthy of student learning? What is worth student time and effort? Standards do not identify what should be taught or how it should be delivered
E N D
Keys to a Quality Curriculum • What is worthy of student learning? • What is worth student time and effort? • Standards do not identify what should be taught or how it should be delivered • Standards identify what students should know and be able to do as a result of instruction
Unpacking the Standards • Conceptual level • Intention of the standard? • Interpretation of the standard? • Why is this standard here? • Implementation level • Selection of Curriculum model • Best activities to facilitate learning
Unpacking the Standards • When developing a curriculum, the team must define what each standard means at the various grade levels • How will the standard be assessed across grade levels?
Sample Unpacking Personal and Social Behavior: Standard 5 • Sport education model • Following routines with independent warm-up • Exhibiting fair play by calling rule infractions • Outdoor education • Working cooperatively in groups • Demonstrating respect for teammates
Philosophy • Personal teacher beliefs and values • Shared beliefs and values of program • “Goods” of quality program • What should students gain? • What will your program represent?
Traditional Philosophy: Idealism • Underlying Concept: • Reasoning and intuition help people find truth • Use of scientific methods • The mind and spirit are keys to life • Educational emphases: • Development of moral and spiritual values • Learning is self-initiated • Development of personal qualities of self-reliance, self-direction • Teacher guides development of creativity
Idealism • Implications for physical education/sport pedagogy: • Education must contribute to intellectual development • Play and recreation are important for a well-balanced personality • Activities are centered on ideals such as courage, honesty, fair play • Reflective thinking and analysis of problems are more important than knowledge-based information
Traditional Philosophy: Realism • Underlying Concepts: • The mind and body have a close, harmonious relationship that are inseparable • The laws of nature are within physical events • The scientific method helps to determine truth • Educational Emphases: • Education is objective (teaching, testing, eval) • Learning proceeds in a step-by-step fashion • Measurement techniques are standardized
Realism • Implications for physical education/sport pedagogy: • Physical fitness is valued because of the intrinsic contributions to one’s desire for increased productivity • Learning process emphasizes drill and orderly progressions • Desirable social behaviors can be developed although winning is not stressed
Traditional Philosophy: Naturalism • Underlying Concepts: • The physical world is key to life • Everything we experience is a part of nature • Educational Emphases: • Satisfy basic needs of the individual • The learning process is governed by the individual’s developmental readiness • Physical and moral development is as important as cognitive development • Teacher guides by demonstration • Rewards can shape behavior
Natualism • Implications for physical education/ sport pedagogy: • Activities are a part of overall, holistic development • Play resulting from the interests of students teaches desirable social behaviors • Develop the whole person at their own rate • Self-improvement rather than competition • Teacher must know their student needs and developmental level
Traditional Philosophy: Pragmatism • Underlying Concepts: • Experience is the only way to seek truth • Success is the only judge of value and truth of a theory • Educational Emphases: • Learning occurs through experience • Education prepares students for their role in society • Education is child-centered rather than subject-centered • Problem-solving prepares students for place in real world • Education is to develop the total person
Pragmatism • Implications for physical education/sport pedagogy: • Varied activities result in more meaningful experiences • Emphasis is on social interaction through activity • Needs and interests of student determine curriculum • Problem solving develops creativity • Teacher is the encourager; students learn by doing • Individual differences are stressed as learners prepare to go out into society
Traditional Philosophy: Existentialism • Underlying Concepts: • Persons determine their own systems of values • People are what they cause for themselves • Educational Emphases: • Discover one’s inner beliefs • Individualized learning is important because of individual rates of learning • Curriculum is centered on the individual who selects their own focus • Teacher facilitates discovery of students’ own truths/beliefs • Teach personal responsibility • Use affective learning even though difficult to measure
Existentialism • Implications for physical education/sport pedagogy: • Choice of activity • Balanced and varied activities satisfy individual needs • Play is used to develop creativity • Self-testing helps students begin to know themselves • Teacher is the guide who shows activity options to students • Students are more responsible for their education
Program Philosophy • A team of people will need to compromise on the philosophical approach to a curriculum • What does the team value? • How will standards be emphasized across the curriculum? • Your personal philosophy will serve as a lens and guide interactions
Value Orientations • Discipline mastery: Content focus • Instruction progresses from simple to complex • Learning process: Problem-solving focus • Content delivery encourages constructivist learning • Self-actualization: Student focus • Encourages individual growth and achievement is more important than mastery of content • Social responsibility: Equity focus • Take responsibility for own behavior to learn about social justice • Ecological integration: Holistic focus • Balances content, needs of learner, and social setting
Essentials for Curriculum Design • Backward curriculum design • Begin with exit outcome • What will happen in high school curriculum? • What will happen in middle school curriculum? • What will happen in elementary school curriculum? • Requires communication and articulation across levels • Design down, teach forward
Exit 9-12 6-8 3-5 PK-2 How would you do this?