Federal Aid and Federal Control

1. Federal Aid and Federal Control Chapter 3: AP US Government and Politics Consider: What impact does the granting of federal money to states have on the system of federalism? Homework: Assignment 13 for tomorrow, Test Thursday/Friday

2. Types of Federalism: Can you have your cake and eat it too? • Dual federalism, also known as "layer cake federalism" involves clearly enumerated powers between the national and state governments, and sovereignty in equal spheres. This relationship predominated from the 1790s to 1930. • Cooperative federalism, also known as "marble cake federalism," involved the national and state governments sharing functions and collaborating on major national priorities. This relationship predominated between 1930 and 1960. • Creative federalism, also known as "picket fence federalism," predominated during the period of 1960 to 1980. This relationship was characterized by overloaded cooperation and crosscutting regulations. • Finally, new federalism, sometimes referred to as “progressive federalism," is characterized by further devolution of power from national to state governments, deregulation, but also increased difficulty of states to fulfill their new mandates. This period began in 1981 and continues to the present.

3. Federal Aid to States – “fiscal federalism” • Why does the federal government give aid to states? • Money is there • It is “free” money, at least in a sense. • Why are states eager to accept it?

5. 3.3 Video: In Context http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_Federalism_v2.html

6. 3.3 Amending the National-State Relationship • Sixteenth Amendment • Money is power • Seventeenth Amendment (1913) • Direct election of senators

7. 3.5 Types of Grants to State/Local Govs • Grants serve 3 purposes • Provide funds • Address national problems like clean air • Redistribute funds between rich and poor states • Categorical grants are for specific purpose • Block grants • less restrictive • Give states more discretion in spending funds • Devolution revolution • Unfunded Mandates • No Child Left Behind (2001) • Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 • Programmatic requests • Funds earmarked for specific projects within states • Secured by lobbyists or members of Congress for their districts • Bringing the pork back home

8. Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist 3.5 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg4_Federalism_v2.html

9. Explore Federalism: Which States Win or Lose in the Federal Aid Game? 3.5 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_oconnor_mpslag_12/pex/pex3.html

10. 3.7 Toward Reform: Attempts to Balance National and State Power • Price of Federalism • Book from 90s which argued that redistributive policies are best left to national gov, and developmental policies are best left to states • Problem is that the opposite is often what happens • Progressive Federalism • Pragmatic approach, sees relationship as both coercive and cooperative • Nat’l should set standards, but when not able to, states should act as “laboratories”

11. 3 Video: So What? http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_Ch03_Federalism_Seg6_v

12. Methods of Federal Control • Conditions of Aid • Is it “Free” money? • Mandates • Whether from Congress or the Courts • Funded or unfunded…NCLB; how does the US government control education (historically a state and local control policy area)?

13. Federalism and Education • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=1DOCH1YT6Uk#t=42

15. Consider: What powers are best left to states? Homework: Quiz due tomorrow; MC Test tomorrow, essay test Friday

16. http://www.learner.org/courses/democracyinamerica/dia_3/dia_3_video.htmlhttp://www.learner.org/courses/democracyinamerica/dia_3/dia_3_video.html http://www.learner.org/vod/vod_window.html?pid=1913