Chapter 9

2. Chapter 9 Site Selection and Layout Planning Community and Site Selection 9.1 Layout Planning 9.2

3. 9.1 • List the factors involved in deciding on a community in which to locate a business. • Identify the factors to consider when selecting a business site. • Describe the resources that can be used in finding potential business sites. • Explain the steps involved in analyzing potential sites for a business and choosing between those sites. • Describe the advantages of starting a business at home or in an incubator. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

4. 9.1 Selecting a community and a specific location in which to establish a business involves a systematic process. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

5. 9.1 economic base incentive census tract trade area industrial park incubator Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

6. Factors in Community Selection Factors to consider when selecting a community include: • economic base • financial incentives • population makeup • labor supply Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

7. Factors in Community Selection As an entrepreneur, the decision of where to locate your new business is an important one. A location can determine who sees your business and how easily customers can get to it. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

8. Is the Economic Base Favorable? First, you should determine the community’s economic base. economic basethe major industries that provide employment in an area That base can be either primarily industrial or primarily service-oriented. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

9. Are There Financial Incentives? A community may try to attract new businesses to locate there by offering a special incentive. incentivea reward or advantage that helps businesses, including lower taxes, cheaper land, and employee training programs Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

10. What Is the Makeup of the Population? Trends such as aging populations or young families can affect businesses. These trends determine who will spend, how much they will spend, and what types of products or services they will want. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

11. What Is the Makeup of the Population? Demographics and population size can tell you if a location matches your target market. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

12. What Is the Makeup of the Population? Access the Census Bureau’s Census 2000 Web site to research the demographics of a census tract that interests you. census tracta small geographic area into which a state or country is divided for the purpose of gathering and reporting census data Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

13. Does the Labor Supply Match Your Needs? When considering a community, consider your labor needs and how well the local labor pool meets those needs. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

14. Does the Labor Supply Match Your Needs? Business owners need to consider: • how many employees they need • If the labor pool meets their needs • if the available pool has the appropriate skills Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

15. Criteria for Site Selection Once you determine that a community is suitable for your business, you can begin looking at sites. The factors to consider and the criteria used to judge sites vary with the type of business activity. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

16. Retail Business Considerations Retail businesses need to determine their trade area in order to be accessible to their target market. trade areathe region or section of the community from which a business draws customers Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

17. Retail Business Considerations Once you pinpoint a community you want to serve and determine your business’s trade area, examine these issues: • number and size of competing businesses • nature of the competition • character of the area • accessibility and traffic Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

18. Service/Wholesale Business Considerations Service and wholesale businesses have similar needs to those of retail businesses. However, many service and wholesale businesses do not have customers coming to their business sites and do not need expensive, high-profile locations. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

19. Manufacturing/Extraction Business Considerations Manufacturing/extraction businesses need to be accessible to sources of supply and transportation and are subject to local zoning laws. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

20. Manufacturing/Extraction Business Considerations An industrial park is usually located close to major transportation routes. industrial parkan area set aside in a community for industrial use Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

21. E-Business Considerations Location and space are not major considerations for an e-business because electronic business sites can be located almost anywhere and require little space. However, larger operations need more space for equipment, personnel, and shipping. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

22. Locating Potential Sites There are a number of ways to locate potential business sites. • Read the classified sections of newspapers. • Consult with realtors who specialize in business properties. • Conduct visual surveys by driving through prospective communities. • Network with personal or business contacts. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

23. Site Analysis and Decision Making Once an entrepreneur identifies possible sites for a business, he or she must consider three things before making a decision: • the surrounding area • the building • the costs of buying, building, or leasing Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

24. Surrounding Area Analysis Surrounding areas should be evaluated by the same criteria used for site selection: • number and size of competing businesses • nature of the competition • character of the area • accessibility and traffic Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

25. Building Evaluation The building must be large enough to take care of present needs and to allow for expansion. Check the building’s interior to see how it meets your needs and the exterior’s construction, soundness, appearance, and parking. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

26. Lease, Buy, or Build? Leasing Advantages No large cash outlay Reduced risk Tax deductible lease expenses Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection 26

27. Making Your Decision For each of the possible sites, compare these variables: • cost • advantages and disadvantages • desirability Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

28. Alternative Sites Two sites that do not fit the traditional mold are the home-based business and the incubator. incubatoran enterprise that is set up to provide flexible and affordable leases, office space, equipment, management assistance, mentoring assistance, and access to financing for new businesses Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

29. 9.1 • List the factors involved in deciding on a community in which to locate a business. Factors to consider include the community’s economic base, financial incentives, population makeup, and labor supply. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

30. 9.1 • Identify the factors to consider when selecting a business site. Factors to consider when selecting a business site vary with the type of business. For example, a retail store needs to be accessible to customers; an extraction business must be near the product it is extracting. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

31. 9.1 • Describe the resources that can be used in finding potential business sites. A number of resources can be used to find potential business sites: newspapers, realtors, the Internet, visual surveys, and personal or business contacts. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

32. 9.1 • Explain the steps involved in analyzing potential sites for a business and choosing between those sites. An analysis of potential business sites needs to be done in three areas: Surrounding area analysis is based on site area considerations for the type of business. Building evaluation includes both the interior and exterior. Deciding whether to lease, buy, or build involves analyzing the three options for the site. Choosing between the sites would involve a comparison on the basis of cost, advantages and disadvantages, and desirability. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

33. 9.1 • Describe the advantages of starting a business at home or in an incubator. The main advantage of starting a business at home is financial due to lower rent and less taxes. Advantages of starting a business in an incubator are lower rent, shared secretarial and administrative services, and the availability of business development services. Section 9.1 Community and Site Selection

34. 9.2 • List the steps in layout planning that are common to all businesses. • Describe the layout needs for each type of business. • Discuss the final details of layout planning. Section 9.2 Layout Planning

35. 9.2 The steps in layout planning apply to all types of businesses. However, development of a facility layout is based on the operational needs of the business. Section 9.2 Layout Planning

36. 9.2 layout workstation façade appointments Section 9.2 Layout Planning

37. Physical Layout A well-planned layout can mean a more efficient operation, a more appealing sales floor, and greater customer convenience. layout a floor plan or map that shows the interior and exterior arrangement of a business, including such items as display cases, lighting fixtures, traffic patterns, landscaping, and parking spaces Section 9.2 Layout Planning

38. Physical Layout Six Steps in Layout Planning 1 Define the objectives of the facility. 2 Identify the primary and supporting activities that will take place. 3 Determine access, arrangement, and flow among the activities. 4 Determine space requirements for all activities. 5 Design alternative layouts for the facility. 6 Evaluate the various layouts and choose one. Section 9.2 Layout Planning 38

39. Layout Needs and Possibilities Although the steps in layout planning are the same for all businesses, the options and considerations are not. Different types of businesses have different operational needs. Section 9.2 Layout Planning

40. Manufacturing Businesses Layout Considerations for Manufacturing Businesses production processes production sequence space requirements materials flow environmental needs control Section 9.2 Layout Planning 40

41. Manufacturing Businesses Types of Manufacturing Layouts product layout fixed-product layout process layout Section 9.2 Layout Planning 41

42. Manufacturing Businesses In a product layout, all machines and supporting activities are arranged along a product flow line. As products come down the line, something is done to them at each workstation. workstation an area in a business with equipment for a single worker Section 9.2 Layout Planning

43. Retail Businesses Retail LayoutConsiderations products to be sold projected clientele sales per square foot of selling space aisle exposure sales value of area within store product coordination Section 9.2 Layout Planning 43

44. Wholesale Businesses When planning the layout of a wholesale business, storage and space utilization are the most import considerations. Section 9.2 Layout Planning

45. Wholesale Businesses When planning for storage, follow these guidelines: • Store popular items near shipping points. • Store items together that were received together and will be shipped together. • Provide a wide variety of storage space. • Assign storage space on the basis of handling ease and popularity. Section 9.2 Layout Planning

46. Wholesale Businesses Most wholesale businesses are located in single-story buildings, which makes controlling and moving stock easy. Receiving, storage, order assembly, and shipping areas should be arranged so goods can be moved through them quickly and easily. Section 9.2 Layout Planning

47. Service Businesses The physical layout of a service business depends largely on the specific service it provides. There is no prescribed set of guidelines or patterns for these enterprises. Section 9.2 Layout Planning

48. Extraction Businesses Like service businesses, extraction firms have unique layouts. They share a few common features: an office area, storage areas for equipment and supplies, and the extraction business site itself. Section 9.2 Layout Planning

49. E-Businesses The layout of an e-business depends on its site and its operations. If the e-business ships products, storage and shipping areas are needed. Section 9.2 Layout Planning

50. Finishing Touches Once a business owner chooses a particular layout, he or she can begin planning the finishing touches. Such details include planning interior design features, as well as alterations or improvements to the facade. facade the face or front of a building Section 9.2 Layout Planning